* The element responsible for converting chemical energy of fuel ( petrol , diesel , alcohol ... etc) into mechanical energy is the "motor".
* Motor is four times:
1 .- Time ADMISSION: Enters the fuel ( air + fuel) the engine.
2 .- Time COMPRESSION: fuel is compressed .
3 .- Time EXPLOSION: the spark plug and explodes the fuel to expand.
4 .- Time ESCAPE: gases, and burned , they stand out from the tailpipe.
* A "system" is a set of elements that are aimed at a mission ( cool , damp , direct ..., etc)
Power System:
Mission: To introduce fuel (air + fuel) the engine.
Main Element : carburetor
Electrical System: It is divided into four circuits.
* Circuit power :
Mission: To produce the spark plugs
Main Element : Coil
* Load Circuit :
Mission: To charge the battery of the energy the car uses .
Main Element : in most vehicles is the "alternative", but others carry a " dynamo "
* Starting Circuit :
Mission: To help the engine to start when standing
Main components: the starter
* Light Circuit :
Mission: To ensure the energy needed by the rest of the automotive electrical components
Main Element : None
The four " channels "of" power system " of a car , have one thing in common is the battery.
Inside the battery, a liquid called electrolyte which consists of distilled water and sulfuric acid.
The battery maintenance consists of filling of distilled water only when, looking inside , the electrolyte is low and also cover the battery terminals (positive and negative) with grease or petroleum jelly, is tuned to avoid .
Lubricating System:
Mission: To lubricate the engine parts that are not based (cold engine)
Main elements: the letter, which is the shell which houses the oil.
Question : What should be the engine to change the oil? ... HOT
Question : What should be the engine for measuring the oil level ? ... COLD
Refrigeration system:
Mission: To cool the engine
Main elements: the coolant ( water plus antifreeze)
Question: Where is cooled coolant ? ... THE COOLER
Question : Where do you measure the coolant level ? ... in the glass or POT OF EXPANSION
Transmission System:
Mission: to get ( pass ) the rotation of the engine to the wheels.
Elements of the transmission: the clutch, gearbox , drive shaft and bevel differential.
Suspension System:
Mission: To prevent road irregularities are transmitted to the occupants of the vehicle
Main elements: the springs , stabilizer bars, springs and dampers
Steering System:
Mission: To guide wheels
Question: What direction is the system most used in automotive? ... ON THE RACK
Braking System:
Mission : to reduce the speed ( service brake ) or stabilize the vehicle (parking brake )
Question : on what wheels does the service brake ( foot brake )?... ON FOUR
Question : on what wheels does the parking brake ( handbrake )?... ON THE REAR
Question : What elements used braking disc brakes ? ... THE PADS
Question : What elements braking using drum brakes ? ... BRAKE PADS
Sunday, September 12, 2010
First Aid - The Accident
Lhe three factors that can lead to accidents are the same involved in the movement:
Man : Because of its inexperience , ability or fitness ... etc .
Vehicle : Because of its mechanical condition or maintenance.
The road: For configuration, status , signaling ... etc .
* The ability of a driver must be provided above the needs in the road.
Las three major causes of accidents on national roads are:
excessive or inappropriate speed .
The abuse of the road.
Failure to maintain a safe distance .
* All road users who are involved, or are witness news an accident, are, as a minimum , to seek help for the wounded.
* The first thing to do, to reach the accident site is ensure circulation.
* If there had been seriously injured or dead, to avoid changing the status quo or fingerprints, unless this would prejudice the safety of the injured or circulation.
* The order of priority in the care of the wounded is: Asphyxiation, unconscious and bleeding large.
General rules of operation:
Act quickly but without haste .
Establish a secure environment .
Never give drink to the wounded.
Do not remove the helmet to motorists.
Do not give medications or ointments .
Keep protected from possible neck jerking.
The transport of injured to be done in an appropriate vehicle .
Do not move the injured and , if necessary move , we'll do that if it were a rigid block .
Do not mess wounds.
Prevent injuries walk .
Loosen clothing and clothes of the wounded.
Cover the injured , so that it retains temperature , but prevent sweating .
Placement of the wounded :
Security or Defense Position : A suffocating the wounded , are unconscious or suffering from vomiting. Also called " lateral stable " , and involves placing the wounded lying, side, to encourage the opening of the airways.
Position of "Shock " Those with heavy bleeding . Also called the " collapse "and involves placing the wounded lying on her back , but with legs slightly elevated, to encourage blood flow to the brain.
Semirecumbent position : Those who breathe with difficulty. This position promotes spontaneous breathing. (Not confuse difficulty breathing with choking)
Cardio- Pulmonary Resuscitation :
* It consists in carrying the wounded , cardiac massage ( chest compressions ), while it blows air into your lungs (air ).
* The rate of compressions and ventilations , practiced the injured will depend on the number of people who assist him , to be ... :
With only one assistant : 15 compressions followed by 2 ventilations.
With two subsidiaries: 5 compressions followed by ventilation .
Injuries:
Fractures:
* Fractures (broken bone ) can be open ( the broken bone , looks and are the most dangerous ) or closed ( notice the deformation of the member, but the bone is not seen )
* Immobilize the fractured limb with a garment, wide enough as to encompass the two joints closest to the fracture.
Hemorrhage :
DEpendes blood vessel ruptures, may be:
Hair : Small bleeding points .
Venous : Blood dark, without oxygen , which leaves continuously.
Arterial : Bright blood with oxygen, which gushes .
DEpendes of where to locate, include:
External : You see the wound to bleed.
Internal: You do not see the bleeding , but presumably by the pallor of the wounded , inconsistency or rapid heartbeat and imperceptible ... "Shock . "
Exteriorized : They are produced in the interior, but the blood goes through naturally , nose, ear, mouth ...
Burn :
Do not remove clothing stuck .
Do not puncture or cut the blisters.
Cool the burned area with cold water.
Never sell , together , two burned areas (fingers , legs ...)
Hold high the burned area.
Never apply creams or ointments.
No watering , except severe burn to be aware and not vomit .
Man : Because of its inexperience , ability or fitness ... etc .
Vehicle : Because of its mechanical condition or maintenance.
The road: For configuration, status , signaling ... etc .
* The ability of a driver must be provided above the needs in the road.
Las three major causes of accidents on national roads are:
excessive or inappropriate speed .
The abuse of the road.
Failure to maintain a safe distance .
* All road users who are involved, or are witness news an accident, are, as a minimum , to seek help for the wounded.
* The first thing to do, to reach the accident site is ensure circulation.
* If there had been seriously injured or dead, to avoid changing the status quo or fingerprints, unless this would prejudice the safety of the injured or circulation.
* The order of priority in the care of the wounded is: Asphyxiation, unconscious and bleeding large.
General rules of operation:
Act quickly but without haste .
Establish a secure environment .
Never give drink to the wounded.
Do not remove the helmet to motorists.
Do not give medications or ointments .
Keep protected from possible neck jerking.
The transport of injured to be done in an appropriate vehicle .
Do not move the injured and , if necessary move , we'll do that if it were a rigid block .
Do not mess wounds.
Prevent injuries walk .
Loosen clothing and clothes of the wounded.
Cover the injured , so that it retains temperature , but prevent sweating .
Placement of the wounded :
Security or Defense Position : A suffocating the wounded , are unconscious or suffering from vomiting. Also called " lateral stable " , and involves placing the wounded lying, side, to encourage the opening of the airways.
Position of "Shock " Those with heavy bleeding . Also called the " collapse "and involves placing the wounded lying on her back , but with legs slightly elevated, to encourage blood flow to the brain.
Semirecumbent position : Those who breathe with difficulty. This position promotes spontaneous breathing. (Not confuse difficulty breathing with choking)
Cardio- Pulmonary Resuscitation :
* It consists in carrying the wounded , cardiac massage ( chest compressions ), while it blows air into your lungs (air ).
* The rate of compressions and ventilations , practiced the injured will depend on the number of people who assist him , to be ... :
With only one assistant : 15 compressions followed by 2 ventilations.
With two subsidiaries: 5 compressions followed by ventilation .
Injuries:
Fractures:
* Fractures (broken bone ) can be open ( the broken bone , looks and are the most dangerous ) or closed ( notice the deformation of the member, but the bone is not seen )
* Immobilize the fractured limb with a garment, wide enough as to encompass the two joints closest to the fracture.
Hemorrhage :
DEpendes blood vessel ruptures, may be:
Hair : Small bleeding points .
Venous : Blood dark, without oxygen , which leaves continuously.
Arterial : Bright blood with oxygen, which gushes .
DEpendes of where to locate, include:
External : You see the wound to bleed.
Internal: You do not see the bleeding , but presumably by the pallor of the wounded , inconsistency or rapid heartbeat and imperceptible ... "Shock . "
Exteriorized : They are produced in the interior, but the blood goes through naturally , nose, ear, mouth ...
Burn :
Do not remove clothing stuck .
Do not puncture or cut the blisters.
Cool the burned area with cold water.
Never sell , together , two burned areas (fingers , legs ...)
Hold high the burned area.
Never apply creams or ointments.
No watering , except severe burn to be aware and not vomit .
Security consumption and pollution
Safety:
* All cars must have safety features active and security features passive.
Active safety: Are those with which we avoid to occur accident.
The brake
The accelerator
The address ... etc .
Passive safety: Are those that, once the accident , prevent damage to the vehicle occupants are from further consideration.
The bumper
The seat belt
The head restraint
The airbag ..., etc .
Seatbelt :
* Must wear seat belts, all vehicle occupants Both inside and outside of town at:
Cars
Vehicles up to 3,500 kg mixed . MMA .
* Must wear seat belts, only the driver and front seat occupantsBoth inside and outside of town at:
Trucks and vans up to 3,500 kg. MMA .
Buses up to 5 tons of MMA
Exemptions: There are two groups of people who are exempt from belted ...
In town : Taxi drivers , driving instructors , drivers and occupants of emergency service vehicles and distributors of goods. (If you realize , in this group are professionals driving)
In and out of town : Any driver , when backing up , pregnant women (with medical certificate ) and any person who provided medical certificate, stating its inability to carry it.
Reflective vest :
* All car drivers must wear , such as crew thereof, a reflective vest approved, will be placed when out of the vehicle and the road or the shoulder of inter-city roads .
Economy and pollution:
Factors that cause increased fuel consumption:
Speed : A faster, higher consumption.
The type of road: Within the village is consumed more than inter-city roads .
The drag : anti- wind up , windows down, the roof ...
The driving style : With a nervous or aggressive driving consumes more .
Vehicle Maintenance : Distributor , spark plugs , air filter , idle ...
Automatic Gear : Consume more than the manual gearbox .
Air conditioning: The vehicle consumes more , the latter being connected.
Tire pressure : With lower than recommended pressure , the vehicle consumes more fuel.
Tyre Width : The wider a tire is more consumed.
Factors that cause increased pollution :
Throwing trash out the windows.
Pour used oil on the track.
Allow dropping it unburned fuel.
Keeping the engine at the prolonged detention ( jams)
Accelerate suddenly or cause torn at high rpm.
use the " starter "or" choke "excessively .
Causing unnecessary noise (noise pollution) , exhaust pipes, damaged , free or with resonators , horn ... etc .
* All cars must have safety features active and security features passive.
Active safety: Are those with which we avoid to occur accident.
The brake
The accelerator
The address ... etc .
Passive safety: Are those that, once the accident , prevent damage to the vehicle occupants are from further consideration.
The bumper
The seat belt
The head restraint
The airbag ..., etc .
Seatbelt :
* Must wear seat belts, all vehicle occupants Both inside and outside of town at:
Cars
Vehicles up to 3,500 kg mixed . MMA .
* Must wear seat belts, only the driver and front seat occupantsBoth inside and outside of town at:
Trucks and vans up to 3,500 kg. MMA .
Buses up to 5 tons of MMA
Exemptions: There are two groups of people who are exempt from belted ...
In town : Taxi drivers , driving instructors , drivers and occupants of emergency service vehicles and distributors of goods. (If you realize , in this group are professionals driving)
In and out of town : Any driver , when backing up , pregnant women (with medical certificate ) and any person who provided medical certificate, stating its inability to carry it.
Reflective vest :
* All car drivers must wear , such as crew thereof, a reflective vest approved, will be placed when out of the vehicle and the road or the shoulder of inter-city roads .
Economy and pollution:
Factors that cause increased fuel consumption:
Speed : A faster, higher consumption.
The type of road: Within the village is consumed more than inter-city roads .
The drag : anti- wind up , windows down, the roof ...
The driving style : With a nervous or aggressive driving consumes more .
Vehicle Maintenance : Distributor , spark plugs , air filter , idle ...
Automatic Gear : Consume more than the manual gearbox .
Air conditioning: The vehicle consumes more , the latter being connected.
Tire pressure : With lower than recommended pressure , the vehicle consumes more fuel.
Tyre Width : The wider a tire is more consumed.
Factors that cause increased pollution :
Throwing trash out the windows.
Pour used oil on the track.
Allow dropping it unburned fuel.
Keeping the engine at the prolonged detention ( jams)
Accelerate suddenly or cause torn at high rpm.
use the " starter "or" choke "excessively .
Causing unnecessary noise (noise pollution) , exhaust pipes, damaged , free or with resonators , horn ... etc .
Adhesion , tires and brakes
* Adherencia is the ability to grip, with the vehicles, the road sign .
* LI factors involved in adherence are:
The materials with which it is constructed the way ( cobblestone , asphalt , cement , etc.).
The state in which the airway (dirty , clean , wet, dry , etc.).
The wheel
1 ... ?
The wheel is divided into two parts:
Rim: metal part of the wheel.
Tire: elastic portion of the wheel.
The tire comprises:
Air: with some exceptions ( tractors) , all tires have air inside.
Camera: It is responsible to contain the air. Tyres tubular have no camera.
Cover: This is the component designed to wrap the air ( tubular) or camera.
The roof is composed of:
Tread: The part with drawing, which is in contact with the pavement.
Flanks: They are found on the sides of the tread .
Heels: Are the rings to fixing the tire.
Housing: The skeleton of the tire. It consists of strips of canvas in the form radial or diagonal.
2 ... ?
* LI must get air tires , inside , the advise the manufacturer pressure.
* ET his will by pressure manometer, Which usually find at gas stations .
* Procuraremos measure tire pressure when they are cold.
3 ... ?
Tire wear :
* LI tire , as well as its use is eroded by :
An aggressive driving.
Speed.
Climate.
The load.
Incorrect inflation pressure .
The type of firm and the use of chains .
* LI tire should be replaced, For the same type , when the depth of their mark is less than 1.6 mm, suffering cuts or being deformed.
* La wheel may unbalanced When losing weight unevenly. If you have any unbalanced wheel , you'll notice vibration in the steering wheel at high speeds.
* Unot the main factors that can cause the bursting of a wheel, the lack of pressure.
* Chen busting a wheel , grasp the steering wheel firmly , gently lifting off the throttle without stepping on the brake.
Acting before a puncture :
Stop the vehicle in an appropriate place.
Put the hazard warning triangles .
Loosen wheel nuts .
Raise the vehicle by the cat.
Change the wheel , lowering the vehicle and contact the firm, finish tightening the nuts.
4 ... ?
Brakes:
* Tll the cars must be equipped with the braking systems following :
Brake service (Standing) : Allows you to slow down, acting on all wheels.
Brake parking (Hand ) is employed to stabilize the detention of a vehicle. It works , mostly from the rear wheels.
Brake emergency: A braking system , an alternative to service . It works on two wheels , one axis and oblique.
Brake motor: The engine of the vehicle can transmit two forces of progress (when racing) or clips ( when you stop accelerating) . These forces can be transmitted only to the wheels of the front axle ( motor vehicle ), only the rear axle wheels (vehicle propulsion ) or all-wheel drive ( 4X4 vehicle or all-wheel drive ). I mean ... , motor brake acts on the driving wheels.
* Ehere are two types of brakes , depending on braking element using :
Brake drum: Its elements are braking shoes
Brake disk: Its elements are braking pills
* Nor should we stop abruptly (for risk of wheel lock ). We adapt the use of the brake to the state of the pavement , making smooth and progressive manner .
Performance against a skid :
* El skid is the loss of adhesion of the wheels.
* Si the vehicle skids rear wheelTo the right ... for example, we turn the wheel to the same side , to counteract the slide. In the event that the skidding, occur within the front wheels, for the same reason , we turn the wheel to the opposite side .
* LI factors involved in adherence are:
The materials with which it is constructed the way ( cobblestone , asphalt , cement , etc.).
The state in which the airway (dirty , clean , wet, dry , etc.).
The wheel
1 ... ?
The wheel is divided into two parts:
Rim: metal part of the wheel.
Tire: elastic portion of the wheel.
The tire comprises:
Air: with some exceptions ( tractors) , all tires have air inside.
Camera: It is responsible to contain the air. Tyres tubular have no camera.
Cover: This is the component designed to wrap the air ( tubular) or camera.
The roof is composed of:
Tread: The part with drawing, which is in contact with the pavement.
Flanks: They are found on the sides of the tread .
Heels: Are the rings to fixing the tire.
Housing: The skeleton of the tire. It consists of strips of canvas in the form radial or diagonal.
2 ... ?
* LI must get air tires , inside , the advise the manufacturer pressure.
* ET his will by pressure manometer, Which usually find at gas stations .
* Procuraremos measure tire pressure when they are cold.
3 ... ?
Tire wear :
* LI tire , as well as its use is eroded by :
An aggressive driving.
Speed.
Climate.
The load.
Incorrect inflation pressure .
The type of firm and the use of chains .
* LI tire should be replaced, For the same type , when the depth of their mark is less than 1.6 mm, suffering cuts or being deformed.
* La wheel may unbalanced When losing weight unevenly. If you have any unbalanced wheel , you'll notice vibration in the steering wheel at high speeds.
* Unot the main factors that can cause the bursting of a wheel, the lack of pressure.
* Chen busting a wheel , grasp the steering wheel firmly , gently lifting off the throttle without stepping on the brake.
Acting before a puncture :
Stop the vehicle in an appropriate place.
Put the hazard warning triangles .
Loosen wheel nuts .
Raise the vehicle by the cat.
Change the wheel , lowering the vehicle and contact the firm, finish tightening the nuts.
4 ... ?
Brakes:
* Tll the cars must be equipped with the braking systems following :
Brake service (Standing) : Allows you to slow down, acting on all wheels.
Brake parking (Hand ) is employed to stabilize the detention of a vehicle. It works , mostly from the rear wheels.
Brake emergency: A braking system , an alternative to service . It works on two wheels , one axis and oblique.
Brake motor: The engine of the vehicle can transmit two forces of progress (when racing) or clips ( when you stop accelerating) . These forces can be transmitted only to the wheels of the front axle ( motor vehicle ), only the rear axle wheels (vehicle propulsion ) or all-wheel drive ( 4X4 vehicle or all-wheel drive ). I mean ... , motor brake acts on the driving wheels.
* Ehere are two types of brakes , depending on braking element using :
Brake drum: Its elements are braking shoes
Brake disk: Its elements are braking pills
* Nor should we stop abruptly (for risk of wheel lock ). We adapt the use of the brake to the state of the pavement , making smooth and progressive manner .
Performance against a skid :
* El skid is the loss of adhesion of the wheels.
* Si the vehicle skids rear wheelTo the right ... for example, we turn the wheel to the same side , to counteract the slide. In the event that the skidding, occur within the front wheels, for the same reason , we turn the wheel to the opposite side .
Adverse factors - visibility
key elements of the vehicle, they do realize the principle of see and be seen are:
The transparent elements of the cockpit.
Mirrors.
The lighting and signaling devices .
Transparent elements :
* Ltransparent elements you should be clean and must not distort the images through them to see. The placement of tinted or colored glass , non-approved is prohibited.
* El is called the front glass windshield, with the mission to protect us from the weather. On both sides we find the windows and in the back , we find the window moon.
* Po keep clean the windshield or rear window , we have the devices: wiper / washer and rear window / rear window.
* El device Anti-icing and anti-fog serves to prevent or break the ice and fog on the windows . Heating the vehicle is responsible for this mission, on the front glass and the heated rear window ( copper strands attached to the bezel ) on the rear
* El umbrella or parasol, these visors are placed on the position of the driver and front passenger , whose function is to prevent glare , front and side , caused by the sun.
Mirrors:
* LI mirrors mandatory for tourism , are outside left and insideAnd must carry also the right fieldWhen through interior not have enough visibility.
* Csa general rule , the mirrors are flat , reflecting an actual image in them , but some ExternalMay take the form convex reflecting those of a more limited and remote.
* De must bear always properly adjusted mirrors. Used mainly before leaving the vehicle or perform any maneuver.
Night driving :
* El main risk is night driving , glare or be dazzled by other vehicles.
* Sand must have their lights perfectly regulated , replacing the long-range for short , as soon as they appreciate the opportunity to dazzle, and adjusting our speed to space it illuminates.
* Chen two vehicles , at night , intersect in a curve , you must perform before the change of lights, take the curve to the right, which turn left .
Curves:
* Chen we vary the straight path of the vehicle generated in the same , the force centrifugal, which tends to drive us out of the track.
* Lcentrifugal force is proportional : The speed vehicle , in weight and curve radius.
* Aefore entering a corner , we must adapt our speed , adjusting our position to the right edge . In its development , we will accelerate gradually , gently turning the steering wheel .
* En a corner, we should avoid using the brake and clutch .
Meteorological factors :
* Lto meteorology, rain, snow , ice and fogAre adverse factors that cause lack of visibility and adherenceIn the circulation .
* La lack of visibility is taking the lamp corresponding addresses , using the defroster and demister , wipers ... etc .
* La lack of adhesion, by tire conditions (pressure and depth of trace) , chains (in case of snow or ice) and, above all , slow down , increasing the safety distance to anticipate braking.
* Con rain, snow , ice and fog, should be especially careful when overtaking and passing other vehicles.
Rain:
* El worse time for driving in the rain , that's when the first drops , as these by joining with dust , oil and other substances deposited on the ground, generating a mixture very slippery.
* La heavy rain can accumulate on the soil more water than the tires could leave through their drawings, and can cause slippage or loss of vehicle control, by its driver. This phenomenon is known as " aquaplaning " or" hydroplaning " and fixed with tires in moderate conditions and speed.
* Lof rain can affect the brakes , it is advisable to actuate from time to time, for verification. * Lto stopping distance in pavements in the rain is up to two times higher than in the dry .
Snow:
* As with the rain, the first flakes are the most risk involve in the circulation.
* Pcircular with snow plows , on the flat or uphill , you should do with the top gear that allows us the engine , while going down a mountain pass , we'll do with the speed shorter.
* Al start the car on snow is to put the wheels in a straight line , using gear ratios as high as possible while maintaining a smooth and constant acceleration .
* Chen after a snowfall the sun shines , its reverberations can cause glare , with tinted glasses , we can avoid. * Lto stopping distance in pavements with snow up to ten times higher than in the dry.
Ice:
* Con ice on the road , traffic is extremely dangerous. It is therefore we must provide for the existence of these plates on the road ...
If the weather is cold and wet.
In shady places, gullies , bridges , overpasses .
If we note that the address fleet.
* Lto stopping distance in pavements with ice up to ten times higher than in the dry.
Fog :
* Cthick fog on lighting should not be used long-range , as this will be reflected in it, turning against us and dazzle .
* Psubtract particular attention to road markings and signs for marking , are those , which guide us in the lane.
Wind:
* El is the most dangerous wind blowing and gusting side . If the wind blows from the right , the risk is to advance and, if it blows from the left , the risk is in passing another vehicle.
The transparent elements of the cockpit.
Mirrors.
The lighting and signaling devices .
Transparent elements :
* Ltransparent elements you should be clean and must not distort the images through them to see. The placement of tinted or colored glass , non-approved is prohibited.
* El is called the front glass windshield, with the mission to protect us from the weather. On both sides we find the windows and in the back , we find the window moon.
* Po keep clean the windshield or rear window , we have the devices: wiper / washer and rear window / rear window.
* El device Anti-icing and anti-fog serves to prevent or break the ice and fog on the windows . Heating the vehicle is responsible for this mission, on the front glass and the heated rear window ( copper strands attached to the bezel ) on the rear
* El umbrella or parasol, these visors are placed on the position of the driver and front passenger , whose function is to prevent glare , front and side , caused by the sun.
Mirrors:
* LI mirrors mandatory for tourism , are outside left and insideAnd must carry also the right fieldWhen through interior not have enough visibility.
* Csa general rule , the mirrors are flat , reflecting an actual image in them , but some ExternalMay take the form convex reflecting those of a more limited and remote.
* De must bear always properly adjusted mirrors. Used mainly before leaving the vehicle or perform any maneuver.
Night driving :
* El main risk is night driving , glare or be dazzled by other vehicles.
* Sand must have their lights perfectly regulated , replacing the long-range for short , as soon as they appreciate the opportunity to dazzle, and adjusting our speed to space it illuminates.
* Chen two vehicles , at night , intersect in a curve , you must perform before the change of lights, take the curve to the right, which turn left .
Curves:
* Chen we vary the straight path of the vehicle generated in the same , the force centrifugal, which tends to drive us out of the track.
* Lcentrifugal force is proportional : The speed vehicle , in weight and curve radius.
* Aefore entering a corner , we must adapt our speed , adjusting our position to the right edge . In its development , we will accelerate gradually , gently turning the steering wheel .
* En a corner, we should avoid using the brake and clutch .
Meteorological factors :
* Lto meteorology, rain, snow , ice and fogAre adverse factors that cause lack of visibility and adherenceIn the circulation .
* La lack of visibility is taking the lamp corresponding addresses , using the defroster and demister , wipers ... etc .
* La lack of adhesion, by tire conditions (pressure and depth of trace) , chains (in case of snow or ice) and, above all , slow down , increasing the safety distance to anticipate braking.
* Con rain, snow , ice and fog, should be especially careful when overtaking and passing other vehicles.
Rain:
* El worse time for driving in the rain , that's when the first drops , as these by joining with dust , oil and other substances deposited on the ground, generating a mixture very slippery.
* La heavy rain can accumulate on the soil more water than the tires could leave through their drawings, and can cause slippage or loss of vehicle control, by its driver. This phenomenon is known as " aquaplaning " or" hydroplaning " and fixed with tires in moderate conditions and speed.
* Lof rain can affect the brakes , it is advisable to actuate from time to time, for verification. * Lto stopping distance in pavements in the rain is up to two times higher than in the dry .
Snow:
* As with the rain, the first flakes are the most risk involve in the circulation.
* Pcircular with snow plows , on the flat or uphill , you should do with the top gear that allows us the engine , while going down a mountain pass , we'll do with the speed shorter.
* Al start the car on snow is to put the wheels in a straight line , using gear ratios as high as possible while maintaining a smooth and constant acceleration .
* Chen after a snowfall the sun shines , its reverberations can cause glare , with tinted glasses , we can avoid. * Lto stopping distance in pavements with snow up to ten times higher than in the dry.
Ice:
* Con ice on the road , traffic is extremely dangerous. It is therefore we must provide for the existence of these plates on the road ...
If the weather is cold and wet.
In shady places, gullies , bridges , overpasses .
If we note that the address fleet.
* Lto stopping distance in pavements with ice up to ten times higher than in the dry.
Fog :
* Cthick fog on lighting should not be used long-range , as this will be reflected in it, turning against us and dazzle .
* Psubtract particular attention to road markings and signs for marking , are those , which guide us in the lane.
Wind:
* El is the most dangerous wind blowing and gusting side . If the wind blows from the right , the risk is to advance and, if it blows from the left , the risk is in passing another vehicle.
Other users - the motor vehicle
* Defensive driving is circular movement in anticipation of other road users ...
Situations that should provide a possible risk :
After a ball can run a child.
Animals close to the road.
Stationary vehicle with people inside : the doors can open suddenly.
Stationary vehicle with the engine running : can be added without notice.
Conductor discussion : can react rashly .
Vehicle loading or unloading : operators can appear around him.
Zone of Uncertainty:
* It is the space that surrounds any road user - animals , pedestrians and vehicles - and, within which its movements can be unpredictable.
PEDESTRIANS: road use
* Pedestrians used for transit , pedestrian areas (sidewalks ). In the absence of these, use the hard shoulder and, if they do not exist, the essential part of the road.
* Even having sidewalks and to avoid inconvenience to other road users may use the road (right side ):
Pedestrians carrying large packages , pushing or pulling vehicles not considered motor, small ( cycle, moped, baby cart , shopping cart or work).
Groups of people led or forming courtship. ( school ranks , burial , demonstrations ... )
The wheelchair-bound invalid .
* Out of town and crossings ( no sidewalks ), Pedestrians and transit through the left side could have done so for the right time, their safety and advises.
* Out of town , between sunset and sunrise, when traveling through roadway or shoulder, and to warn their presence, must bear a reflective element that is visible to 150 feet away. The focus groups or processionsAlso must wear white or light yellow, red forward and backward, on the side closest to the center of the road.
* Within the town ( no sidewalks )May travel on the side that suits them.
ANIMALS: road use
* The animals must be driven by the trails, except that they do not exist but never, On motorways or dual carriageways.
* Your driving should be under the following rules:
Your driver should be adult. (18)
Not invade the pedestrian.
When path lacks sidewalksWill be led by the right, unless , your driver , take a single head of cattle.
In herd or flock, run at the speed of passage and as close as possible to the right edge.
At night , by poorly lit , their drivers are carried on the side closest to the center of the roadway , light white or yellow, red forward and backward.
It is prohibited to leave them unguarded in any kind of way.
The motor vehicle :
* In the car (tourism ) , the controls can be operated with hands or feet.
* accelerator : It is the right pedal, and its mission is to regulate the entry of fuel into the engine. When we stepped up (in a STOP, red light , Officer ... etc ), the engine continues to receive preventing some fuel stops. In these cases, says the engine runs at " idle ".
* The service brake: It is the central pedal and acts on all four wheels
* Clutch : It is the left pedal and its mission or attaching ( to connect or disconnect) , the engine gearbox . When we step on the clutch, said that the engine is disengaged.
* The parking brake : In most vehicles, it is a lever located between the two front seats . Usually acts on the rear wheels and has the mission to stabilize the vehicle , previously fixed by the service brake . Also called hand brake.
* The shifter : Moving it allows us to give the vehicle force or speedDepending on what, in each case, we need them. The lower gears (1st and 2nd ) give strength and long marches (4th and 5th ) are speed.
* Contact and start-up : We must avoid , when the vehicle is in motion , re- turn the ignition key then this action may damage the starter.
* Direction indicators : It is a horizontal lever located to the left of the steering wheel. Its mission is to turn the indicators on the left side ( scroll down) or right ( scroll up).
* audible warning device ( horn ): Should not produce loud noises or music.
* The throttle and choke : Two devices ( vehicles have one or the other ) whose mission is to promote cold weather starting ( pull the air). With either be achieved by enriching the mixture in the engine.
* The wiper : Brushes.
* The washer : They are usually one or two holes to discharge water on the windshield.
Situations that should provide a possible risk :
After a ball can run a child.
Animals close to the road.
Stationary vehicle with people inside : the doors can open suddenly.
Stationary vehicle with the engine running : can be added without notice.
Conductor discussion : can react rashly .
Vehicle loading or unloading : operators can appear around him.
Zone of Uncertainty:
* It is the space that surrounds any road user - animals , pedestrians and vehicles - and, within which its movements can be unpredictable.
PEDESTRIANS: road use
* Pedestrians used for transit , pedestrian areas (sidewalks ). In the absence of these, use the hard shoulder and, if they do not exist, the essential part of the road.
* Even having sidewalks and to avoid inconvenience to other road users may use the road (right side ):
Pedestrians carrying large packages , pushing or pulling vehicles not considered motor, small ( cycle, moped, baby cart , shopping cart or work).
Groups of people led or forming courtship. ( school ranks , burial , demonstrations ... )
The wheelchair-bound invalid .
* Out of town and crossings ( no sidewalks ), Pedestrians and transit through the left side could have done so for the right time, their safety and advises.
* Out of town , between sunset and sunrise, when traveling through roadway or shoulder, and to warn their presence, must bear a reflective element that is visible to 150 feet away. The focus groups or processionsAlso must wear white or light yellow, red forward and backward, on the side closest to the center of the road.
* Within the town ( no sidewalks )May travel on the side that suits them.
ANIMALS: road use
* The animals must be driven by the trails, except that they do not exist but never, On motorways or dual carriageways.
* Your driving should be under the following rules:
Your driver should be adult. (18)
Not invade the pedestrian.
When path lacks sidewalksWill be led by the right, unless , your driver , take a single head of cattle.
In herd or flock, run at the speed of passage and as close as possible to the right edge.
At night , by poorly lit , their drivers are carried on the side closest to the center of the roadway , light white or yellow, red forward and backward.
It is prohibited to leave them unguarded in any kind of way.
The motor vehicle :
* In the car (tourism ) , the controls can be operated with hands or feet.
* accelerator : It is the right pedal, and its mission is to regulate the entry of fuel into the engine. When we stepped up (in a STOP, red light , Officer ... etc ), the engine continues to receive preventing some fuel stops. In these cases, says the engine runs at " idle ".
* The service brake: It is the central pedal and acts on all four wheels
* Clutch : It is the left pedal and its mission or attaching ( to connect or disconnect) , the engine gearbox . When we step on the clutch, said that the engine is disengaged.
* The parking brake : In most vehicles, it is a lever located between the two front seats . Usually acts on the rear wheels and has the mission to stabilize the vehicle , previously fixed by the service brake . Also called hand brake.
* The shifter : Moving it allows us to give the vehicle force or speedDepending on what, in each case, we need them. The lower gears (1st and 2nd ) give strength and long marches (4th and 5th ) are speed.
* Contact and start-up : We must avoid , when the vehicle is in motion , re- turn the ignition key then this action may damage the starter.
* Direction indicators : It is a horizontal lever located to the left of the steering wheel. Its mission is to turn the indicators on the left side ( scroll down) or right ( scroll up).
* audible warning device ( horn ): Should not produce loud noises or music.
* The throttle and choke : Two devices ( vehicles have one or the other ) whose mission is to promote cold weather starting ( pull the air). With either be achieved by enriching the mixture in the engine.
* The wiper : Brushes.
* The washer : They are usually one or two holes to discharge water on the windshield.
Driver Fitness
main purpose of this is that you have mastered the following sections:
Reflections driver (Concepts of reaction time, reaction distance ..., etc.).
BAC (Concepts , taxes and alcohol tests ).
Our reflexes ( responsiveness ):
En the issue of documentation was said that one of the qualifications needed in order to obtain a driver's license , was to demonstrate to the authorities that we had physical ability, and psychomotor psychophysics for driving motor vehicles , by medical certificate ( not psycho ). The Approved Centre , where the issue , we do some simple tests whose purpose is to determine primarily whether the prospective driver has sufficient reflexes ( reaction time) .
POngame is a simple example to study the following concepts:
Example: Imagine that we circulate to our tourism, an avenue , and through us , past a soccer ball.
Reaction time:
It is the time elapsed since we perceive the ball, so we put the foot on the brake .
Reaction Distance:
Is that crosses our vehicle during the reaction time, ie since we see the ball until we put the foot on the brake.
Stopping distance:
It's covered by your vehicle , we started to slow down, until it stops.
Stopping distance or technical stop:
It's covered by your vehicle , from which we perceive the ball, until we were completely stopped.
Data to be taken into account with respect to reaction time :
The reaction time ( reflections) of a normal person is between half a second and a second.
At the time of reaction is unaffected by vehicle speed, as our reflexes are the same walk that at 180 km / h (another thing is the distance of reaction) .
The state of the driver (alcohol , fatigue , drowsiness ...), causes increased reaction time ( it takes longer to react).
All it does increase our response time ( does take longer to react) , by contrast , leads to poor our responsiveness.
Facts to consider about the distance of reaction:
At the distance of reaction it will affect the speed of the vehicle (the higher the speed , the greater the distance of a vehicle in the driver's reaction time ... or not?)
If the state of the driver (alcohol , fatigue , drowsiness ...), adds to the reaction time also will increase the distance of reaction ... Right?
Data to be taken into account concerning the stopping distance :
The stopping distance ( remember, we started to slow down, until the vehicle is stopped) , increases to poor road conditions (rain , leaves, potholes ...), the poor condition of the tires (pressure , drawing , ...), cuts of shock absorbers, braking elements ( pads or shoes ).
The state of the driver (alcohol , fatigue , drowsiness ...), but you will not believe , does not affect the braking distance , for at that moment who is involved but not the driver brakes.
As to whether we did on dry pavement stopping distance would double if circulásemos on wet pavement and up to ten times higher if we did by pavement with ice or snow.
Facts to consider regarding the stopping distance or technical stop :
This distance is always greater than the stopping distance and, because it is the sum of the reaction distance plus braking affected by all factors that affect these .
The drink-driving :
BAC is the amount of alcohol present in the body.
BAC is either the number of grams of alcohol per liter are analyzed blood , or the number of milligrams of alcohol per liter are expired air.
* Con this definition we have given, we conclude that there are two ways to get the BAC on a person ...:
By blood tests (measured in g.)
Using a breathalyzer analyzing the expired air (measured in milligrams.)
Breath test :
* LAgents conducted a traffic charge .
* Estan required to perform the breathalyzer test ..:
Any user (Pedestrian , cyclist , driver ...) that has engaged in an accident.
About lead Symptoms of a vehicle to do so under the influence of alcohol .
The drivers that are required for this purpose in the breath tests .
Saturday, September 11, 2010
Documentation
DOCUMENTS CONCERNING THE DRIVER :
* There are two administrative approvals that enable them to drive motor vehicles and motorcycles on the tracks for public use: The Driving Licence and Driving License.
* These authorizations are issued by the Provincial Traffic .
Requirements:
Having the minimum age requirement for each license.
Personal details (Name, address, ID card ... etc. )
Demonstrate by Medical certificate ( issued as a Certified Medical Center ), our physical , psychological, physical and psychomotor driving.
Demonstrate , through desk review, our knowledge of the Road Safety Act General Regulations Driver ... etc .
Demonstrate , through practical examination , our skills at the wheel of the vehicle.
Obligations of driver:
Possession of the Permit ( Permit or Driving License ).
Carry the original , when driving .
Show it to authorities, when requested .
Driving Permits :
Permit A1:
* To obtain this Permit requires a minimum age 16 years.
* We can drive a light motorcycle without a sidecar , that is, as displacement does not exceed 125 cc.
* As with any permit , we can drive the vehicles that enable the driver's license.
Permit A:
* Obtained from the 18 years.
* We can lead , among others, with or without a sidecar motorcycle .
* During the first two years, power of these motorcycles may not exceed 25 Kw.
Permit B:
* Obtained from the 18 years.
* It enables us to drive cars up to 3,500 kg. MMA , and 9 seats, including the driver.
* With this permit , our car can tow light trailers (up to 750 kg. ) or light ( over 750 kg. ).
* If you drag trailer light weight vehicle combination may not exceed 4250 kg. (3,500 + 750 automotive trailer light) , but if you drag a trailer light weight vehicle combination may not exceed 3,500 kg.
* We can conduct any special vehicle agricultural (With any type of trailer or semi ), but those works or services are limited to 3,500 kg.
Permit B & E:
* Permit is supplementary to the B , which enables us to drive a car, with trailer not light, Exceeding 3,500 kg.
Renewal of Driving Licence :
* Driving Permits A1, A, B , B + E and Driving LicensesMust be renewed periodically depending on the age of the holder:
Each 10 years until the owner complies with the 45 years.
Each 5 years until 70.
From the 70 years, the owner , the renovations will occur each 2 years.
Change data and duplicates:
* If our data vary (change of address etc ... . ) , or any loss , theft or damage Permit, have a term 15 days to notify the Provincial Traffic .
* Reporting the loss or theft of our permit , the Provincial Traffic will need to provide a duplicate , but will recover the original , it is this which we will deliver to the Chief , and stay with the duplicate .
Novice drivers :
* With any Driving Licence , a novice driver , it is, during the first year of experience. During this period , we have the obligation to place the logo (the "L ") In our vehicle and also limited the speed maximum 80 km / h , on any road .
* If during this first year, we suspend the permit or intervene , the time by which we sanction ( suspension or intervention of the permit ) be added, regarding the speed limits and obligations of the logo, mentioned in the previous section.
Driving License :
* Driving License , if we get to 14 years , enables us to drive : motorcycles, ATVs and vehicles lighter DisabledWithout passengers.
* If we obtain from the 16 years, in addition to the vehicles mentioned in the previous section (with travelers who have allowed ), we can special drive agricultural up to 3,500 kg. with 5 persons including the driver.
DOCUMENTATION RELATING TO VEHICLE :
* Vehicles to operate, must carry the following documents: Certificates, the Technical Inspection Card and Mandatory Insurance.
Circulation Permit ::
* It contains the basic data of the vehicle and its owner :
Name and address of the holder.
Maximum Authorised Mass the vehicle.
Tuition and registration date.
Number of places .
* The registration document is the document used to effect the transfer of the vehicle ( for sale) .
Technical Inspection Card :
* This document certifies that the vehicle meets the technical conditions for running , and is mandatory for all motor vehicles, trailers , contains the following data :
technical inspection record (in front) .
Maximum Authorised Mass and Tara the vehicle.
Power.
N º of seats.
* Technical Inspection Card must be renewed periodically , computing the age of vehicles , from the date of registration.
Card Renewal ITV in the case of passenger cars:
Until four years old, free .
In 4-10 years, biennial.
Of more than 10 years , annual.
Insurance Required:
* It is mandatory for all motor vehicles , motorcycles , trailers and semitrailers .
* It covers physical injuries and property damage ( personal injury and things ).
* The head of a vehicle is not insured , the owner or landlord.
Physical damage :
It covers all physical damage caused by reason of traffic, except for the driver responsible of such damages.
Damage:
Covers all damage, except: those caused by vehicle responsible of damage, items carried in this same vehicle or those material damage caused to vehicles owned by the same driver responsible or a family member thereof, to the third degree of consanguinity (kinship ).
Case Study:
* John is driving his car , accompanied by a friend. In the vehicle have a TV. By an oversight , John runs into another vehicle that is driven by Margarita , which accompanies Elena , taking it a ceramic vase ...
1 Insurance involved is that of John , since he is the responsible the accident.
2 Juan insurance cover, always, Physical damage caused to his friend, Margaret and Helen, but not theirs.
3rd Juan insurance cover vehicle damage and Margarita 's Elena ceramic vase , unless it is shown that these two ladies have some relationship with John and , of course, John's insurance does not cover your property damage own vehicle, or the TV.
* There are two administrative approvals that enable them to drive motor vehicles and motorcycles on the tracks for public use: The Driving Licence and Driving License.
* These authorizations are issued by the Provincial Traffic .
Requirements:
Having the minimum age requirement for each license.
Personal details (Name, address, ID card ... etc. )
Demonstrate by Medical certificate ( issued as a Certified Medical Center ), our physical , psychological, physical and psychomotor driving.
Demonstrate , through desk review, our knowledge of the Road Safety Act General Regulations Driver ... etc .
Demonstrate , through practical examination , our skills at the wheel of the vehicle.
Obligations of driver:
Possession of the Permit ( Permit or Driving License ).
Carry the original , when driving .
Show it to authorities, when requested .
Driving Permits :
Permit A1:
* To obtain this Permit requires a minimum age 16 years.
* We can drive a light motorcycle without a sidecar , that is, as displacement does not exceed 125 cc.
* As with any permit , we can drive the vehicles that enable the driver's license.
Permit A:
* Obtained from the 18 years.
* We can lead , among others, with or without a sidecar motorcycle .
* During the first two years, power of these motorcycles may not exceed 25 Kw.
Permit B:
* Obtained from the 18 years.
* It enables us to drive cars up to 3,500 kg. MMA , and 9 seats, including the driver.
* With this permit , our car can tow light trailers (up to 750 kg. ) or light ( over 750 kg. ).
* If you drag trailer light weight vehicle combination may not exceed 4250 kg. (3,500 + 750 automotive trailer light) , but if you drag a trailer light weight vehicle combination may not exceed 3,500 kg.
* We can conduct any special vehicle agricultural (With any type of trailer or semi ), but those works or services are limited to 3,500 kg.
Permit B & E:
* Permit is supplementary to the B , which enables us to drive a car, with trailer not light, Exceeding 3,500 kg.
Renewal of Driving Licence :
* Driving Permits A1, A, B , B + E and Driving LicensesMust be renewed periodically depending on the age of the holder:
Each 10 years until the owner complies with the 45 years.
Each 5 years until 70.
From the 70 years, the owner , the renovations will occur each 2 years.
Change data and duplicates:
* If our data vary (change of address etc ... . ) , or any loss , theft or damage Permit, have a term 15 days to notify the Provincial Traffic .
* Reporting the loss or theft of our permit , the Provincial Traffic will need to provide a duplicate , but will recover the original , it is this which we will deliver to the Chief , and stay with the duplicate .
Novice drivers :
* With any Driving Licence , a novice driver , it is, during the first year of experience. During this period , we have the obligation to place the logo (the "L ") In our vehicle and also limited the speed maximum 80 km / h , on any road .
* If during this first year, we suspend the permit or intervene , the time by which we sanction ( suspension or intervention of the permit ) be added, regarding the speed limits and obligations of the logo, mentioned in the previous section.
Driving License :
* Driving License , if we get to 14 years , enables us to drive : motorcycles, ATVs and vehicles lighter DisabledWithout passengers.
* If we obtain from the 16 years, in addition to the vehicles mentioned in the previous section (with travelers who have allowed ), we can special drive agricultural up to 3,500 kg. with 5 persons including the driver.
DOCUMENTATION RELATING TO VEHICLE :
* Vehicles to operate, must carry the following documents: Certificates, the Technical Inspection Card and Mandatory Insurance.
Circulation Permit ::
* It contains the basic data of the vehicle and its owner :
Name and address of the holder.
Maximum Authorised Mass the vehicle.
Tuition and registration date.
Number of places .
* The registration document is the document used to effect the transfer of the vehicle ( for sale) .
Technical Inspection Card :
* This document certifies that the vehicle meets the technical conditions for running , and is mandatory for all motor vehicles, trailers , contains the following data :
technical inspection record (in front) .
Maximum Authorised Mass and Tara the vehicle.
Power.
N º of seats.
* Technical Inspection Card must be renewed periodically , computing the age of vehicles , from the date of registration.
Card Renewal ITV in the case of passenger cars:
Until four years old, free .
In 4-10 years, biennial.
Of more than 10 years , annual.
Insurance Required:
* It is mandatory for all motor vehicles , motorcycles , trailers and semitrailers .
* It covers physical injuries and property damage ( personal injury and things ).
* The head of a vehicle is not insured , the owner or landlord.
Physical damage :
It covers all physical damage caused by reason of traffic, except for the driver responsible of such damages.
Damage:
Covers all damage, except: those caused by vehicle responsible of damage, items carried in this same vehicle or those material damage caused to vehicles owned by the same driver responsible or a family member thereof, to the third degree of consanguinity (kinship ).
Case Study:
* John is driving his car , accompanied by a friend. In the vehicle have a TV. By an oversight , John runs into another vehicle that is driven by Margarita , which accompanies Elena , taking it a ceramic vase ...
1 Insurance involved is that of John , since he is the responsible the accident.
2 Juan insurance cover, always, Physical damage caused to his friend, Margaret and Helen, but not theirs.
3rd Juan insurance cover vehicle damage and Margarita 's Elena ceramic vase , unless it is shown that these two ladies have some relationship with John and , of course, John's insurance does not cover your property damage own vehicle, or the TV.
Marks Road :
Road markings are those that we painted on the pavement.
Ehere are five sets of markings :
White markings longitudinal ( along the road)
White markings transverse (A width of the road)
Signs Horizontal (On the road or rail)
Other white markings
Trademarks of other colors
Longitudinal Brands :
Brand continuous longitudinal ( single or double):
* It means that no driver may, with your vehicle, driving on it, through it or, where the mark lanes delimiting senses opposite ( two- way direction) , move to your left.
discontinuous longitudinal Brand :
* Its main mission is to define lanes.
* No driver may, with your vehicle, driving on it, except when these narrow lanes demarcated (less than 3 meters wide) .
* They can announce to the driver, approaching a continuous longitudinal mark in these cases the separation between the lines (No strokes ) is narrowing .
* Can the existence of a special lane -Bus , Acceleration, ..., or other - in this case the mark is substantially wider (No higher, longer or shorter ) than in the general case.
Longitudinal double dashed Brand :
* Delimited on both sides, a reversible lane , where traffic may be regulated in one way or another by rail traffic lights .
continuous longitudinal marking attached to dashed :
* Of these two marks attached , we will take into account only the closest to our vehicle.
(If the nearest is discontinuous , we can advance , if continued , no)
Mark edge of the driveway or parking :
* These marks, although we find them along the road, not considered longitudinal (We can move on them, pierce , etc.).
Transverse Brands :
Continuous Transverse Brand :
* We are located across the lane or road, and forbids us to cross without obeying earlier, arrest Agent imposed , traffic lights, road sign or mark vertical .
Discontinuous Transverse Brand :
* We are located across the lane or road, and forbids us to cross without obeying before the obligation yield Agent imposed , traffic lights, road sign or mark vertical .
Pedestrian Pass mark :
* very wide lines , parallel to the axis of the road and forming a cross .
* It forces us to give way to pedestrians, unless the passage is regulated by Agent or traffic lights.
Step Bike Brand :
* Two broken lines and parallel across the axis of the road.
* It forces us to yield to cyclists, unless the passage is regulated by Agent or traffic lights.
Signs Horizontal :
* If these signs are found in a lane bordered by longitudinal markings , only affect those traveling on those lanes.
Yield :
* A triangle on the roadway , it indicates the obligation yield at the next intersection.
Stop:
* The sign " Stop " on the road , it indicates the obligation stop and give way at the next intersection.
Rate Limiting :
* Indicates the prohibition of exceeding the speed imposed by the horizontal signal .
Other brands of white:
Arrow lane selection :
* It forces us to follow, at the next intersection, the direction ( unidirectional arrows ) or directions ( multidirectional arrow ) indicating .
Output shaft :
* Shows us the next place where we can leave a path through exit lane ( deceleration lane ).
Arrow Lane End :
* It indicates the direction that we should continue to exit the lane in which we move on , before your next sunset (end ).
Arrow Return :
* Like the brand discontinuous, in which the separation between its lines is shortened , the return arrow indicates the proximity of a continuous longitudinal marking .
level crossing Brand :
* The letters P and N, on each side of an X , indicating the proximity of a level crossing (with or without barriers).
Zebra:
* Area with oblique and parallel stripes framed by solid line.
* No driver , your car may enter that zone.
Trademarks of other colors :
Make yellow zig- zag :
* prohibiting parking in the area affected by it.
continuous longitudinal yellow Brand :
* Painted on the curb or edge of the roadway , prohibiting stopping and parking all the way ( unless otherwise indicated by vertical signal ).
discontinuous longitudinal yellow Brand :
* Painted on the curb or edge of the roadway , prohibiting parking in any way ( unless otherwise indicated by vertical signal ).
Grid yellow markings :
* We remember the ban on entering an intersection , when traffic circumstances , our vehicle is at risk of getting stranded .
Blue marks :
* Delineate parking spaces for a limited time .
Alejandro Manrique Sanchez
यस्को लागि आवस्यक फोटो समेत चाहिने भएमा यो लिन्क मा हेर्न सक्नु हुनेछ
http://miciudad.es/autoescuela/manual/s-marcasviales.html
Ehere are five sets of markings :
White markings longitudinal ( along the road)
White markings transverse (A width of the road)
Signs Horizontal (On the road or rail)
Other white markings
Trademarks of other colors
Longitudinal Brands :
Brand continuous longitudinal ( single or double):
* It means that no driver may, with your vehicle, driving on it, through it or, where the mark lanes delimiting senses opposite ( two- way direction) , move to your left.
discontinuous longitudinal Brand :
* Its main mission is to define lanes.
* No driver may, with your vehicle, driving on it, except when these narrow lanes demarcated (less than 3 meters wide) .
* They can announce to the driver, approaching a continuous longitudinal mark in these cases the separation between the lines (No strokes ) is narrowing .
* Can the existence of a special lane -Bus , Acceleration, ..., or other - in this case the mark is substantially wider (No higher, longer or shorter ) than in the general case.
Longitudinal double dashed Brand :
* Delimited on both sides, a reversible lane , where traffic may be regulated in one way or another by rail traffic lights .
continuous longitudinal marking attached to dashed :
* Of these two marks attached , we will take into account only the closest to our vehicle.
(If the nearest is discontinuous , we can advance , if continued , no)
Mark edge of the driveway or parking :
* These marks, although we find them along the road, not considered longitudinal (We can move on them, pierce , etc.).
Transverse Brands :
Continuous Transverse Brand :
* We are located across the lane or road, and forbids us to cross without obeying earlier, arrest Agent imposed , traffic lights, road sign or mark vertical .
Discontinuous Transverse Brand :
* We are located across the lane or road, and forbids us to cross without obeying before the obligation yield Agent imposed , traffic lights, road sign or mark vertical .
Pedestrian Pass mark :
* very wide lines , parallel to the axis of the road and forming a cross .
* It forces us to give way to pedestrians, unless the passage is regulated by Agent or traffic lights.
Step Bike Brand :
* Two broken lines and parallel across the axis of the road.
* It forces us to yield to cyclists, unless the passage is regulated by Agent or traffic lights.
Signs Horizontal :
* If these signs are found in a lane bordered by longitudinal markings , only affect those traveling on those lanes.
Yield :
* A triangle on the roadway , it indicates the obligation yield at the next intersection.
Stop:
* The sign " Stop " on the road , it indicates the obligation stop and give way at the next intersection.
Rate Limiting :
* Indicates the prohibition of exceeding the speed imposed by the horizontal signal .
Other brands of white:
Arrow lane selection :
* It forces us to follow, at the next intersection, the direction ( unidirectional arrows ) or directions ( multidirectional arrow ) indicating .
Output shaft :
* Shows us the next place where we can leave a path through exit lane ( deceleration lane ).
Arrow Lane End :
* It indicates the direction that we should continue to exit the lane in which we move on , before your next sunset (end ).
Arrow Return :
* Like the brand discontinuous, in which the separation between its lines is shortened , the return arrow indicates the proximity of a continuous longitudinal marking .
level crossing Brand :
* The letters P and N, on each side of an X , indicating the proximity of a level crossing (with or without barriers).
Zebra:
* Area with oblique and parallel stripes framed by solid line.
* No driver , your car may enter that zone.
Trademarks of other colors :
Make yellow zig- zag :
* prohibiting parking in the area affected by it.
continuous longitudinal yellow Brand :
* Painted on the curb or edge of the roadway , prohibiting stopping and parking all the way ( unless otherwise indicated by vertical signal ).
discontinuous longitudinal yellow Brand :
* Painted on the curb or edge of the roadway , prohibiting parking in any way ( unless otherwise indicated by vertical signal ).
Grid yellow markings :
* We remember the ban on entering an intersection , when traffic circumstances , our vehicle is at risk of getting stranded .
Blue marks :
* Delineate parking spaces for a limited time .
Alejandro Manrique Sanchez
यस्को लागि आवस्यक फोटो समेत चाहिने भएमा यो लिन्क मा हेर्न सक्नु हुनेछ
http://miciudad.es/autoescuela/manual/s-marcasviales.html
Vertical Signs Note:
Signs of General Guidelines :
Highway, We indicate the beginning of a highway , proximity to a highway or an intersection, the branch that leads to a freeway. ( ojo. .., in the signal does not contain the words " Highway ")
Dual carriageway: It indicates the beginning of a highway , the proximity of a highway or an intersection, the branch that leads to a freeway. ( at the sign contains the words " Highway ")
Tunnel: Indicates the beginning of a tunnel. Inside the tunnel is forbidden to stop, park, change the direction of travel and if you have only one lane for our sense , also prohibit overtaking.
Tunnel End: In the vicinity of the tunnels are allowed to stop , parking and overtaking, but the change of direction remains prohibited.
Maximum speed recommended : Recommends not to exceed the speed of the signal ... but not prohibited .
recommended range of speeds: We should maintain a speed (if the weather is safe for the movement ) who is among those indicated in the signal.
one-way road: It indicates that the route along which is the one way . prohibits the reversal , but allows the change of address . (Not confuse this signal which is as above that, circular and stating " direction as required )
Stretch of road one-way: No comment, but out on the test.
Situation of a pedestrian crossing: In theory there should be a pedestrian crossing just inside the signal, but ... care, the only pedestrian crossing road markings indicate painted on the pavement. That is, if there are no brands, we have a lot of vertical signal , the pedestrian crossing there .
Pedestrian Overpass: It is clear ..., did I not.
pedestrian underpassIs it not clear? .
End of road Preseñalización: We can move 15 meters and invade a crossroads where we need it.
Emergency Braking Zone: This sign is found in the descents of mountain passes.
Parking: If the plate has a complementary panel with the name of certain vehicles , will be exclusive parking for such vehicles.
Place reserved for taxis: At this board we are forbidden to stop and park.
Bus stop: At this board we are forbidden to stop and park.
Tram stop: At the plate , and the mind that brings , we are forbidden to stop and park.
leg or foot traffic in mountain pass: The signals we have in different partitions will be affecting you .
Change of direction at: This motherboard can not find on freeways or highways , because on these roads due to the medium , changes of direction can only be done by flyovers or subways.
End of the obligation short-range lighting: We found this sign at the exit of the tunnels , removing short-range lighting yes, leaving, tubiéramos enough light , but keep it otherwise.
Change of direction at different levels.
output closer to Panels: We can only find them on highways , expressways and roads for cars.
Residential street: In these streets we are forbidden to drive any faster than 20 km / h. park in areas other than those indicated. We should also , in any event , priority to pedestrians.
Area 30: Pedestrians have priority and the vehicles have limited the speed to 30 km / h..
Electronic TollWe may pay the highway toll device if we have " ETC . "
Senda cyclable: Via separate pedestrian and cycle traffic ( park , gardens , open space, etc . ).
Tunnel Siding.
Siding tunnel emergency telephone.
Signs of Rails:
Lanes for slow vehicles: With this signal , vehicles can not reach the speed Minimum, Mandatory for main lane or lanes , are required to travel on the right. All other vehicles also obliged to use it , when that lane is clear of traffic ( flow ).
Lane reserved for busesAn eye ... this sign usually put in the examination with S -19 ( bus stop ) , so that confuse so similar they are.
End of lane for traffic: We lose a lane.
Step one to two ... or two to three lanes: We won a rail, with ... or without speed limitation.
Fork in the road: Variation in the path of one or more lanes. These signals can only find them in one-way streets .
Bike lane along the causewayWell, that ... that the right lane can only be used in cycles.
Signs of Service:
Aid station: This place can make an emergency cure .
Ambulance Base: Although it seems that in this place are just going to find an ambulance and its driver, as with the previous signal , you can perform an emergency cure .
Water: Indicates the proximity of a source : You may have water, not drinking ... and even may not have no water.
Scenic spot: This signal indicates a store for photo processing .
Merendero: This signal can be confused with the youth shelter , but if you need a picnic table for lunch ... or not?
Youth hostelAn eye with a picnic .
Tourist information: Sale.
Monument: Sale.
Other services: Panel generic for other services.
Service area Usually found in the highways and motorways .
Parking for rail users , suburban (metro ) or bus: You have to associate the icon with the users to whom it is addressed the signal.
Preseñalización Signs and Address:
Chen we make long trips, we need to have road signs that tell us , in time , the outputs that we must take to reach the population of interest . These signals are of two types:
Signs Preseñalización: These signs should be within 50 meters village at least indicating output , and on freeways or highways must meet a 500 meters at least.
Its color: If you move through a superior way to which we will come out , the signal will be the color of the road on which we are , but if it is of equal or lower category to which we will be the color of this last (Which we left ).
Signs Address: These signs are found us just before the output color will be indicated and always the road to that exit.
There are also signs of address those which, at crossings, we are wedge-shaped or arrow ..., for example:
Signs Location:
Itate geographical limits or position.
Milestone mileage: Count the miles of one on one and blue is only on highways and expressways.
Milestone miriamétrico: Count the miles of tens and blue is only on highways and motorways.
Entrance to town: Indicates the location from which the rules governing settlement.
provincial boundaryWell, that ... we move from one province to another .
Signs of specific use in town :
DEBES stay with the color coding of the same , because this is what you'll be asked .
... Calles.
... Of interest to travelers.
... Sports or recreational .
... Industry.
... Ecological .
... Monuments.
Additional panels :
Ehese signals accompanying panels . If you know the signal, know referred to the panels.
... Distance to the beginning of danger.
... Section length of danger.
... Extension of the prohibition on both sides of the signal.
... Is placed under the sign of "give way " , but it indicates the distance to the signal of " mandatory detention . "
... Indicate , under the sign of " priority road "direction to take to keep that priority.
यस्को लागि आवस्यक फोटो समेत चाहिने भएमा यो लिन्क मा हेर्न सक्नु हुनेछ
http://miciudad.es/autoescuela/manual/s-indicacion.html
Highway, We indicate the beginning of a highway , proximity to a highway or an intersection, the branch that leads to a freeway. ( ojo. .., in the signal does not contain the words " Highway ")
Dual carriageway: It indicates the beginning of a highway , the proximity of a highway or an intersection, the branch that leads to a freeway. ( at the sign contains the words " Highway ")
Tunnel: Indicates the beginning of a tunnel. Inside the tunnel is forbidden to stop, park, change the direction of travel and if you have only one lane for our sense , also prohibit overtaking.
Tunnel End: In the vicinity of the tunnels are allowed to stop , parking and overtaking, but the change of direction remains prohibited.
Maximum speed recommended : Recommends not to exceed the speed of the signal ... but not prohibited .
recommended range of speeds: We should maintain a speed (if the weather is safe for the movement ) who is among those indicated in the signal.
one-way road: It indicates that the route along which is the one way . prohibits the reversal , but allows the change of address . (Not confuse this signal which is as above that, circular and stating " direction as required )
Stretch of road one-way: No comment, but out on the test.
Situation of a pedestrian crossing: In theory there should be a pedestrian crossing just inside the signal, but ... care, the only pedestrian crossing road markings indicate painted on the pavement. That is, if there are no brands, we have a lot of vertical signal , the pedestrian crossing there .
Pedestrian Overpass: It is clear ..., did I not.
pedestrian underpassIs it not clear? .
End of road Preseñalización: We can move 15 meters and invade a crossroads where we need it.
Emergency Braking Zone: This sign is found in the descents of mountain passes.
Parking: If the plate has a complementary panel with the name of certain vehicles , will be exclusive parking for such vehicles.
Place reserved for taxis: At this board we are forbidden to stop and park.
Bus stop: At this board we are forbidden to stop and park.
Tram stop: At the plate , and the mind that brings , we are forbidden to stop and park.
leg or foot traffic in mountain pass: The signals we have in different partitions will be affecting you .
Change of direction at: This motherboard can not find on freeways or highways , because on these roads due to the medium , changes of direction can only be done by flyovers or subways.
End of the obligation short-range lighting: We found this sign at the exit of the tunnels , removing short-range lighting yes, leaving, tubiéramos enough light , but keep it otherwise.
Change of direction at different levels.
output closer to Panels: We can only find them on highways , expressways and roads for cars.
Residential street: In these streets we are forbidden to drive any faster than 20 km / h. park in areas other than those indicated. We should also , in any event , priority to pedestrians.
Area 30: Pedestrians have priority and the vehicles have limited the speed to 30 km / h..
Electronic TollWe may pay the highway toll device if we have " ETC . "
Senda cyclable: Via separate pedestrian and cycle traffic ( park , gardens , open space, etc . ).
Tunnel Siding.
Siding tunnel emergency telephone.
Signs of Rails:
Lanes for slow vehicles: With this signal , vehicles can not reach the speed Minimum, Mandatory for main lane or lanes , are required to travel on the right. All other vehicles also obliged to use it , when that lane is clear of traffic ( flow ).
Lane reserved for busesAn eye ... this sign usually put in the examination with S -19 ( bus stop ) , so that confuse so similar they are.
End of lane for traffic: We lose a lane.
Step one to two ... or two to three lanes: We won a rail, with ... or without speed limitation.
Fork in the road: Variation in the path of one or more lanes. These signals can only find them in one-way streets .
Bike lane along the causewayWell, that ... that the right lane can only be used in cycles.
Signs of Service:
Aid station: This place can make an emergency cure .
Ambulance Base: Although it seems that in this place are just going to find an ambulance and its driver, as with the previous signal , you can perform an emergency cure .
Water: Indicates the proximity of a source : You may have water, not drinking ... and even may not have no water.
Scenic spot: This signal indicates a store for photo processing .
Merendero: This signal can be confused with the youth shelter , but if you need a picnic table for lunch ... or not?
Youth hostelAn eye with a picnic .
Tourist information: Sale.
Monument: Sale.
Other services: Panel generic for other services.
Service area Usually found in the highways and motorways .
Parking for rail users , suburban (metro ) or bus: You have to associate the icon with the users to whom it is addressed the signal.
Preseñalización Signs and Address:
Chen we make long trips, we need to have road signs that tell us , in time , the outputs that we must take to reach the population of interest . These signals are of two types:
Signs Preseñalización: These signs should be within 50 meters village at least indicating output , and on freeways or highways must meet a 500 meters at least.
Its color: If you move through a superior way to which we will come out , the signal will be the color of the road on which we are , but if it is of equal or lower category to which we will be the color of this last (Which we left ).
Signs Address: These signs are found us just before the output color will be indicated and always the road to that exit.
There are also signs of address those which, at crossings, we are wedge-shaped or arrow ..., for example:
Signs Location:
Itate geographical limits or position.
Milestone mileage: Count the miles of one on one and blue is only on highways and expressways.
Milestone miriamétrico: Count the miles of tens and blue is only on highways and motorways.
Entrance to town: Indicates the location from which the rules governing settlement.
provincial boundaryWell, that ... we move from one province to another .
Signs of specific use in town :
DEBES stay with the color coding of the same , because this is what you'll be asked .
... Calles.
... Of interest to travelers.
... Sports or recreational .
... Industry.
... Ecological .
... Monuments.
Additional panels :
Ehese signals accompanying panels . If you know the signal, know referred to the panels.
... Distance to the beginning of danger.
... Section length of danger.
... Extension of the prohibition on both sides of the signal.
... Is placed under the sign of "give way " , but it indicates the distance to the signal of " mandatory detention . "
... Indicate , under the sign of " priority road "direction to take to keep that priority.
यस्को लागि आवस्यक फोटो समेत चाहिने भएमा यो लिन्क मा हेर्न सक्नु हुनेछ
http://miciudad.es/autoescuela/manual/s-indicacion.html
Vertical Signs Regulations :
Yield: This signal forces us to give way to all vehicles, regardless of the place where approximate but care ... not force us to stop.
Mandatory detention or STOP: As its name implies , the signal always forces us to stop - before the continuous cross mark , or if not there , near the edge to the track - giving way to approach those who cross the path .
Calzada priority: Indicates that have priority at all intersections that we find from this signal to the R -4 or other of "give way "or "stop . "
Order of priority: Finish the priority it gave us the previous signal but cuidadin ... that does not mean that the next intersection we can not have priority by other signals .
Priority in the opposite direction: This signal forces us to give way to vehicles approaching in the narrowing, on the opposite side .
Priority over the counter: This sign gives us right of way , in a narrowing , for those who came from the opposite direction.
Circulation prohibitedWant to say that the movement of all vehicles - motor engine or not - in this way, is prohibited.
No entry: On this street traffic can be permitted, but you can not get where we are this signal.
Entry prohibited to motor vehicles: Mopeds , trams , vehicles for disabled guests , animal-drawn vehicles and cycles ... , as the Road Safety Act does not consider motor vehicles, this signal may pass .
Entry prohibited to motor vehicles , except two-wheeled motorcycle without a sidecarWell, that ... that two-wheeled motorcycle without a sidecar , are the only motor vehicles that may come with this sign.
Entry motorcycles prohibitedWell, that ... that this sign prohibiting the passage to all types of motorcycles: sidecar , without a sidecar , red, white , Hondas , Harley Davidson ...
Entry prohibited for mopeds: Prohibit access to any type of moped and also vehicles for people with reduced mobility.
Entry prohibited to vehicles used to carry goods: Entry forbidden to trucks and vans. The hybrid vehicles are trucks or vans , so that means may pass .
Entry prohibited to vehicles used to transport goods more MMA than directed.: If the MMA of a truck or van than that indicated in the signal , it can not happen.
Entry prohibited to vehicles carrying dangerous goods: No entry for any vehicle transporting dangerous goods.
Entry prohibited vehicles carrying explosives or flammable: No entry for vehicles carrying explosive or flammable . How are you are also dangerous goods , vehicles that take them , neither can happen with the previous signal.
Entry prohibited to vehicles transporting water pollutants: This signal only affects - prohibit the entry - a vehicle carrying more 1,000 liters of water contaminants ... with 1000 liters or less , pass .
Entry prohibited agricultural motor vehicles .: No comment.
Entry prohibited to motor vehicles with trailer, other than a semi- single-axle trailer: O what is the same : Just No access for vehicles towing trailers over a shaft.
Entry prohibited animal-drawn vehicles: No comment.
Entry prohibited cycles: This signal only affects the cycles. Mopeds have their own signal .
Entry prohibited handcartWell, that ..., a handcart .
Entry prohibited to pedestrians: No comment.
Entry saddle animals prohibited: No comment.
Prohibition of passing without stoppingThis sign makes us stop and find mainly on customs posts, police checks , tolls or other .
Limitation of mass: Bans happen to any vehicle whose mass load - the weight you have at that time the vehicle - beyond that mentioned in the signal.
Limiting axle: prohibits access to vehicles in which , any of its axes, soperte heavier than intended.
Length limitation: prohibits access to vehicles which exceed the length indicated in the signal.
Width limitation: Prohibits vehicle access width exceeding that specified in the signal.
Height Limitation: prohibits access to vehicles whose height exceeds that specified in the signal.
Minimum clearance: Prohibition of movement without maintaining a separation, with the vehicle that precedes us , equal to or higher than indicated in the signal.
Maximum speed: Forbidden exceed, in any case, the rate imposed on the signal. This limitation no longer affect us : Placed on the vertical of another danger, as we pass the hazard. Placed on a road without priority , to leave an intersection with another path priority. Arriving at the height of the sign " prohibition order " , "end of speed limit "or a different limitation .
prohibited right turn: Prohibits only the right turn .
prohibited left turn: prohibiting the left turn and turn.
Turned prohibited: It prohibits only the change of direction .
Overtaking prohibited: Prohibits overtaking any vehicle.
Overtaking prohibited for trucks: Prohibits overtaking trucks over 3,500 kg. MMA
Stopping and parking banned: Prohibits stopping and parking .
Parking prohibited: Prohibits parking only .
Parking prohibited on odd days: No comment.
Parking prohibited on even days: No comment.
Parking prohibited in the first half: No comment.
Parking prohibited in the second half: No comment.
Stay car park: Allows parking by time or during the time that, by additional panels , tell us .
prohibited audible warnings: It allows the horn to avoid an accident or emergency service alert .
mandatory Sense: obligation to follow the direction and direction of the arrow .
binding effect: obligation to follow the direction and direction of the arrow .
binding effect: obligation to follow the direction and direction of the arrow .
binding effect: obligation to follow the direction and direction of the arrow .
binding effect: obligation to follow the direction and direction of the arrow .
Required stepThe arrow points to the side or sides of the shelter for which we have to go .
Required stepThe arrow points to the side or sides of the shelter for which we have to go .
Required stepThe arrow points to the side or sides of the shelter for which we have to go .
Intersection of rotary -binding effect: Duty to circulate at the next intersection, in the direction of the arrows .
allowed unique and directions: No comment.
Unique and directions allowed: No comment.
Unique and directions allowed: No comment.
Roadway for cars, except two-wheeled motorcycle without a sidecar: All cars are required to travel on the road indicating . two-wheel motorcycles without sidecar , if you will not circulate through it , but if they can do it.
Calzada for motorcycles: The motorcycles must travel on the road to the entrance to which place this signal. The rest of the car , if they can move and if they do not want .
Calzada for trucks, vans and vans: Compulsory purchase these vehicles. The rest, if you prefer you can use.
Line reserved for cycles or cycling route: Forces cycles and prohibits access to other users.
Line reserved for mopeds: Forces mopeds and prohibits access to other users.
Way for animal-drawn vehicles: Forces on vehicles drawn by animals.
Camino mount reserved for animals: Forces mount animals and prohibits access to other users.
Camino reserved for pedestrians: It forces pedestrians and prohibits access to other users.
Minimum speed: Requirement circular, at least at the speed of the signal.
Snow chains: Obligation to carry chains, at least one drive shaft .
Short-Range Lighting: Obligation to carry on, at least short-range lighting or intersection.
Carriageway for vehicles carrying dangerous goods: These vehicles are forced to use the channels to which the signal is input . The remaining vehicles , if they wish, may use it .
Road vehicle transporting water pollutants: These vehicles are forced to use the channels to which the signal is input . The remaining vehicles, if they wish, may use it .
Carriageway for vehicles carrying explosives or flammable: These vehicles are forced to use the channels to which the signal is input . The remaining vehicles, if they wish, may use it .
Mandatory use of seat belts: Both inside and outside the village.
Via exclusively for vehicles with electronic toll equipment operational. mandatory electronic toll: No comment.
End of prohibition: No comment.
End of speed limit: No comment.
End of prohibition of overtaking: Without commentaries .
End of overtaking ban for lorries: No comment.
End of stay car park: No comment.
End of minimum speed: No comment.
यस्को लागि आवस्यक फोटो समेत चाहिने भएमा यो लिन्क मा हेर्न सक्नु हुनेछ
http://miciudad.es/autoescuela/manual/s-reglamentacion.html
Mandatory detention or STOP: As its name implies , the signal always forces us to stop - before the continuous cross mark , or if not there , near the edge to the track - giving way to approach those who cross the path .
Calzada priority: Indicates that have priority at all intersections that we find from this signal to the R -4 or other of "give way "or "stop . "
Order of priority: Finish the priority it gave us the previous signal but cuidadin ... that does not mean that the next intersection we can not have priority by other signals .
Priority in the opposite direction: This signal forces us to give way to vehicles approaching in the narrowing, on the opposite side .
Priority over the counter: This sign gives us right of way , in a narrowing , for those who came from the opposite direction.
Circulation prohibitedWant to say that the movement of all vehicles - motor engine or not - in this way, is prohibited.
No entry: On this street traffic can be permitted, but you can not get where we are this signal.
Entry prohibited to motor vehicles: Mopeds , trams , vehicles for disabled guests , animal-drawn vehicles and cycles ... , as the Road Safety Act does not consider motor vehicles, this signal may pass .
Entry prohibited to motor vehicles , except two-wheeled motorcycle without a sidecarWell, that ... that two-wheeled motorcycle without a sidecar , are the only motor vehicles that may come with this sign.
Entry motorcycles prohibitedWell, that ... that this sign prohibiting the passage to all types of motorcycles: sidecar , without a sidecar , red, white , Hondas , Harley Davidson ...
Entry prohibited for mopeds: Prohibit access to any type of moped and also vehicles for people with reduced mobility.
Entry prohibited to vehicles used to carry goods: Entry forbidden to trucks and vans. The hybrid vehicles are trucks or vans , so that means may pass .
Entry prohibited to vehicles used to transport goods more MMA than directed.: If the MMA of a truck or van than that indicated in the signal , it can not happen.
Entry prohibited to vehicles carrying dangerous goods: No entry for any vehicle transporting dangerous goods.
Entry prohibited vehicles carrying explosives or flammable: No entry for vehicles carrying explosive or flammable . How are you are also dangerous goods , vehicles that take them , neither can happen with the previous signal.
Entry prohibited to vehicles transporting water pollutants: This signal only affects - prohibit the entry - a vehicle carrying more 1,000 liters of water contaminants ... with 1000 liters or less , pass .
Entry prohibited agricultural motor vehicles .: No comment.
Entry prohibited to motor vehicles with trailer, other than a semi- single-axle trailer: O what is the same : Just No access for vehicles towing trailers over a shaft.
Entry prohibited animal-drawn vehicles: No comment.
Entry prohibited cycles: This signal only affects the cycles. Mopeds have their own signal .
Entry prohibited handcartWell, that ..., a handcart .
Entry prohibited to pedestrians: No comment.
Entry saddle animals prohibited: No comment.
Prohibition of passing without stoppingThis sign makes us stop and find mainly on customs posts, police checks , tolls or other .
Limitation of mass: Bans happen to any vehicle whose mass load - the weight you have at that time the vehicle - beyond that mentioned in the signal.
Limiting axle: prohibits access to vehicles in which , any of its axes, soperte heavier than intended.
Length limitation: prohibits access to vehicles which exceed the length indicated in the signal.
Width limitation: Prohibits vehicle access width exceeding that specified in the signal.
Height Limitation: prohibits access to vehicles whose height exceeds that specified in the signal.
Minimum clearance: Prohibition of movement without maintaining a separation, with the vehicle that precedes us , equal to or higher than indicated in the signal.
Maximum speed: Forbidden exceed, in any case, the rate imposed on the signal. This limitation no longer affect us : Placed on the vertical of another danger, as we pass the hazard. Placed on a road without priority , to leave an intersection with another path priority. Arriving at the height of the sign " prohibition order " , "end of speed limit "or a different limitation .
prohibited right turn: Prohibits only the right turn .
prohibited left turn: prohibiting the left turn and turn.
Turned prohibited: It prohibits only the change of direction .
Overtaking prohibited: Prohibits overtaking any vehicle.
Overtaking prohibited for trucks: Prohibits overtaking trucks over 3,500 kg. MMA
Stopping and parking banned: Prohibits stopping and parking .
Parking prohibited: Prohibits parking only .
Parking prohibited on odd days: No comment.
Parking prohibited on even days: No comment.
Parking prohibited in the first half: No comment.
Parking prohibited in the second half: No comment.
Stay car park: Allows parking by time or during the time that, by additional panels , tell us .
prohibited audible warnings: It allows the horn to avoid an accident or emergency service alert .
mandatory Sense: obligation to follow the direction and direction of the arrow .
binding effect: obligation to follow the direction and direction of the arrow .
binding effect: obligation to follow the direction and direction of the arrow .
binding effect: obligation to follow the direction and direction of the arrow .
binding effect: obligation to follow the direction and direction of the arrow .
Required stepThe arrow points to the side or sides of the shelter for which we have to go .
Required stepThe arrow points to the side or sides of the shelter for which we have to go .
Required stepThe arrow points to the side or sides of the shelter for which we have to go .
Intersection of rotary -binding effect: Duty to circulate at the next intersection, in the direction of the arrows .
allowed unique and directions: No comment.
Unique and directions allowed: No comment.
Unique and directions allowed: No comment.
Roadway for cars, except two-wheeled motorcycle without a sidecar: All cars are required to travel on the road indicating . two-wheel motorcycles without sidecar , if you will not circulate through it , but if they can do it.
Calzada for motorcycles: The motorcycles must travel on the road to the entrance to which place this signal. The rest of the car , if they can move and if they do not want .
Calzada for trucks, vans and vans: Compulsory purchase these vehicles. The rest, if you prefer you can use.
Line reserved for cycles or cycling route: Forces cycles and prohibits access to other users.
Line reserved for mopeds: Forces mopeds and prohibits access to other users.
Way for animal-drawn vehicles: Forces on vehicles drawn by animals.
Camino mount reserved for animals: Forces mount animals and prohibits access to other users.
Camino reserved for pedestrians: It forces pedestrians and prohibits access to other users.
Minimum speed: Requirement circular, at least at the speed of the signal.
Snow chains: Obligation to carry chains, at least one drive shaft .
Short-Range Lighting: Obligation to carry on, at least short-range lighting or intersection.
Carriageway for vehicles carrying dangerous goods: These vehicles are forced to use the channels to which the signal is input . The remaining vehicles , if they wish, may use it .
Road vehicle transporting water pollutants: These vehicles are forced to use the channels to which the signal is input . The remaining vehicles, if they wish, may use it .
Carriageway for vehicles carrying explosives or flammable: These vehicles are forced to use the channels to which the signal is input . The remaining vehicles, if they wish, may use it .
Mandatory use of seat belts: Both inside and outside the village.
Via exclusively for vehicles with electronic toll equipment operational. mandatory electronic toll: No comment.
End of prohibition: No comment.
End of speed limit: No comment.
End of prohibition of overtaking: Without commentaries .
End of overtaking ban for lorries: No comment.
End of stay car park: No comment.
End of minimum speed: No comment.
यस्को लागि आवस्यक फोटो समेत चाहिने भएमा यो लिन्क मा हेर्न सक्नु हुनेछ
http://miciudad.es/autoescuela/manual/s-reglamentacion.html
Vertical Signs of Danger:
Signals danger have the same form - of an equilateral triangle with the base horizontally - the border color is red, and white background , the symbol of the danger , black. We can find bright red flags .
Intersection Priority: Danger by the proximity of an intersection with a road , which users must give way.
Intersection precedence over the right way: Danger by the proximity of an intersection with a road on the right , which users must give way.
via intersection with priority over the left: Danger by the proximity of an intersection with a road on the left , which users must give way.
.- The driver who is one of these signals should be aware that at the next junction or roundaboutHas the right of way.
.- We give priority to the trams that might approach from either side .
.- We can only find them in ways that support the same level intersections .
.- These signals not force me to "facilitate as far as possible " incorporation of a vehicle, since that incorporation does not occur.
Intersection priority right on incorporation by: Danger by the proximity of an intake on the right , which users must give way.
Intersection priority on incorporation by the left: Danger by the proximity of an intake on the left , which users must give way.
.- These signals if I must " provide as far as possible " incorporation of a vehicle, since that incorporation does occur .
Intersection with the right priority: Danger by the proximity of an intersection, which governs the General Standard for Priority .
.- If we get a tram to the left also yield the step.
.- If we move through an unpaved road we will give way to those who do it the other paved , regardless of the side for doing so.
Traffic lights: Danger by the proximity of an isolated intersection or stretch of road with traffic regulated by traffic lights.
roundabout intersection: Danger by the proximity of an intersection where traffic drives on a swivel in the direction of the arrows .
.- This signal no indicates danger roundabout
Mobile Bridge: Danger at the approach of a bridge that can be lifted or rotated, thus temporarily interrupting circulation.
Crossing tram: Danger by the proximity of intersection with a tram line , which have right of way .
.- The signal gives priority to the tram
Level crossing with barriers: Danger by the proximity of a level crossing barriers or semibarreras provided .
Level crossing without barriers: Danger by the proximity of a level crossing barriers or not provided semibarreras .
Near a railroad crossing, bridge or pier mobile: Indicates the proximity of danger signaled a level crossing, bridge or pier mobile . This tag will always be accompanied to the signals P -5, P- 7 P- 8 or P- 27.
Approximation of a level crossing , bridge or pier mobile: Indicates approach to a level crossing, movable bridge , dock, a distance of two thirds of the distance between him and the appropriate hazard warning .
Near a level crossing, bridge or pier mobile: Indicates the vicinity of a railroad crossing, bridge or mobile dock, which is far from the same third of the distance between him and the appropriate hazard warning .
Status of a level crossing without barriers: Danger by the immediate presence of a level crossing without barriers.
Status of a level crossing without barriers over a railway: Danger by the immediate presence of a level crossing without barriers over a railway.
Airport: Danger by the proximity of a place where aircraft often fly low over the road and can cause unexpected noises .
Cuva dangerous right: Danger by the proximity of a dangerous curve to the right.
Dangerous bend to the left: Danger by the proximity of a dangerous curve to the left.
Dangerous curves to the right: Danger by the proximity of a succession of curves close to each other , the former right.
Dangerous curves to the left: Danger by the proximity of a succession of curves close to each other , the former left.
.- None of the last four signs prohibiting overtaking if, for this , we need not invade the opposite lane.
irregular profile: Danger by the proximity of a bump , speed bump or rough pavement ( potholes) .
Projection: Danger by the proximity of a bump in the road.
Baden: Danger by the proximity of a speed bump on the road .
Descend steeply sloping: Danger by the existence of a section of road with steep descent. The figure indicates the slope in percentage.
Rising steeply sloping: Danger by the existence of a section of road with steep upward. The figure indicates the slope in percentage.
.- The zeros the percentage of these two signals, which indicate the lower limit .
Narrowing of carriageway: Danger by proximity to an area of track where the road is narrow .
Narrowing of the right road: Danger by the proximity of an area of track where the road narrows from the right.
Narrowing of road on the left: Danger by the proximity of an area of track where the road narrows from the left.
.- None of these three signals gives or takes priority in the narrowing.
Works: Danger by the proximity of a section of road under construction.
Sliding Floor: Danger by the proximity of an area of the road where the pavement can be very slippery.
.- The slippage of our vehicle can be caused by any factor - Water , snow , ice , leaves, gravel ... etc. .
Pedestrians: Danger by the proximity of a place frequented by pedestrians.
Children: Danger by the proximity of a place frequented by children such as schools , playground , etc.
Cyclists: Danger by the proximity of a step for cyclists or a place where riders often come to the track or the cross.
Shuttle Pass: Danger by the proximity of a place where the road can often be penetrated by domestic animals.
Pass free animals: Danger by the proximity of a place where often the route can be traversed by wild animals.
Traffic in both directions: Danger by the proximity of an area of road where traffic temporarily or permanently place in both directions .
.- We usually find it in one-way streets .
Detachment: Danger by the proximity of an area with frequent landslides and the subsequent presence of obstacles in the road.
Spring: Danger because the road ends at a spring or a stream.
Projection gravel: Danger by the proximity of a section of road where there is a risk that projects gravel passing vehicles.
Crosswind: Danger by the proximity of an area where strong wind often blows in the transverse direction .
.- It does not indicate them where the wind blows.
Side Step: Danger by the existence of a gap along the road on the side to indicate symbol.
.- Indica the side where we find that step .
Congestion: Danger by the proximity of a stretch in which the movement is stopped or impeded by traffic congestion.
Obstruction in the road: Danger by the proximity of a place where there are vehicles obstructing the road due to damage , accidents or other causes.
Reduced visibility: Danger by the proximity of a stretch in which the cirdulación is hindered by a noticeable loss of visibility due to fog, rain , snow , smoke, etc .
Floor slippery with ice or snow: Danger by the proximity of an area of the road where the pavement can be especially slippery because of ice or snow.
.- The slip of the vehicle can be caused by ice or snow.
Other hazards: Indicates the proximity of a hazard than those notified by other signals.
.- The signal warns of any danger that is not , and sign with another view, previously characterized .
यस्को लागि आवस्यक फोटो समेत चाहिने भएमा यो लिन्क मा हेर्न सक्नु हुनेछ
http://miciudad.es/autoescuela/manual/s-verticalespeligro.html
Intersection Priority: Danger by the proximity of an intersection with a road , which users must give way.
Intersection precedence over the right way: Danger by the proximity of an intersection with a road on the right , which users must give way.
via intersection with priority over the left: Danger by the proximity of an intersection with a road on the left , which users must give way.
.- The driver who is one of these signals should be aware that at the next junction or roundaboutHas the right of way.
.- We give priority to the trams that might approach from either side .
.- We can only find them in ways that support the same level intersections .
.- These signals not force me to "facilitate as far as possible " incorporation of a vehicle, since that incorporation does not occur.
Intersection priority right on incorporation by: Danger by the proximity of an intake on the right , which users must give way.
Intersection priority on incorporation by the left: Danger by the proximity of an intake on the left , which users must give way.
.- These signals if I must " provide as far as possible " incorporation of a vehicle, since that incorporation does occur .
Intersection with the right priority: Danger by the proximity of an intersection, which governs the General Standard for Priority .
.- If we get a tram to the left also yield the step.
.- If we move through an unpaved road we will give way to those who do it the other paved , regardless of the side for doing so.
Traffic lights: Danger by the proximity of an isolated intersection or stretch of road with traffic regulated by traffic lights.
roundabout intersection: Danger by the proximity of an intersection where traffic drives on a swivel in the direction of the arrows .
.- This signal no indicates danger roundabout
Mobile Bridge: Danger at the approach of a bridge that can be lifted or rotated, thus temporarily interrupting circulation.
Crossing tram: Danger by the proximity of intersection with a tram line , which have right of way .
.- The signal gives priority to the tram
Level crossing with barriers: Danger by the proximity of a level crossing barriers or semibarreras provided .
Level crossing without barriers: Danger by the proximity of a level crossing barriers or not provided semibarreras .
Near a railroad crossing, bridge or pier mobile: Indicates the proximity of danger signaled a level crossing, bridge or pier mobile . This tag will always be accompanied to the signals P -5, P- 7 P- 8 or P- 27.
Approximation of a level crossing , bridge or pier mobile: Indicates approach to a level crossing, movable bridge , dock, a distance of two thirds of the distance between him and the appropriate hazard warning .
Near a level crossing, bridge or pier mobile: Indicates the vicinity of a railroad crossing, bridge or mobile dock, which is far from the same third of the distance between him and the appropriate hazard warning .
Status of a level crossing without barriers: Danger by the immediate presence of a level crossing without barriers.
Status of a level crossing without barriers over a railway: Danger by the immediate presence of a level crossing without barriers over a railway.
Airport: Danger by the proximity of a place where aircraft often fly low over the road and can cause unexpected noises .
Cuva dangerous right: Danger by the proximity of a dangerous curve to the right.
Dangerous bend to the left: Danger by the proximity of a dangerous curve to the left.
Dangerous curves to the right: Danger by the proximity of a succession of curves close to each other , the former right.
Dangerous curves to the left: Danger by the proximity of a succession of curves close to each other , the former left.
.- None of the last four signs prohibiting overtaking if, for this , we need not invade the opposite lane.
irregular profile: Danger by the proximity of a bump , speed bump or rough pavement ( potholes) .
Projection: Danger by the proximity of a bump in the road.
Baden: Danger by the proximity of a speed bump on the road .
Descend steeply sloping: Danger by the existence of a section of road with steep descent. The figure indicates the slope in percentage.
Rising steeply sloping: Danger by the existence of a section of road with steep upward. The figure indicates the slope in percentage.
.- The zeros the percentage of these two signals, which indicate the lower limit .
Narrowing of carriageway: Danger by proximity to an area of track where the road is narrow .
Narrowing of the right road: Danger by the proximity of an area of track where the road narrows from the right.
Narrowing of road on the left: Danger by the proximity of an area of track where the road narrows from the left.
.- None of these three signals gives or takes priority in the narrowing.
Works: Danger by the proximity of a section of road under construction.
Sliding Floor: Danger by the proximity of an area of the road where the pavement can be very slippery.
.- The slippage of our vehicle can be caused by any factor - Water , snow , ice , leaves, gravel ... etc. .
Pedestrians: Danger by the proximity of a place frequented by pedestrians.
Children: Danger by the proximity of a place frequented by children such as schools , playground , etc.
Cyclists: Danger by the proximity of a step for cyclists or a place where riders often come to the track or the cross.
Shuttle Pass: Danger by the proximity of a place where the road can often be penetrated by domestic animals.
Pass free animals: Danger by the proximity of a place where often the route can be traversed by wild animals.
Traffic in both directions: Danger by the proximity of an area of road where traffic temporarily or permanently place in both directions .
.- We usually find it in one-way streets .
Detachment: Danger by the proximity of an area with frequent landslides and the subsequent presence of obstacles in the road.
Spring: Danger because the road ends at a spring or a stream.
Projection gravel: Danger by the proximity of a section of road where there is a risk that projects gravel passing vehicles.
Crosswind: Danger by the proximity of an area where strong wind often blows in the transverse direction .
.- It does not indicate them where the wind blows.
Side Step: Danger by the existence of a gap along the road on the side to indicate symbol.
.- Indica the side where we find that step .
Congestion: Danger by the proximity of a stretch in which the movement is stopped or impeded by traffic congestion.
Obstruction in the road: Danger by the proximity of a place where there are vehicles obstructing the road due to damage , accidents or other causes.
Reduced visibility: Danger by the proximity of a stretch in which the cirdulación is hindered by a noticeable loss of visibility due to fog, rain , snow , smoke, etc .
Floor slippery with ice or snow: Danger by the proximity of an area of the road where the pavement can be especially slippery because of ice or snow.
.- The slip of the vehicle can be caused by ice or snow.
Other hazards: Indicates the proximity of a hazard than those notified by other signals.
.- The signal warns of any danger that is not , and sign with another view, previously characterized .
यस्को लागि आवस्यक फोटो समेत चाहिने भएमा यो लिन्क मा हेर्न सक्नु हुनेछ
http://miciudad.es/autoescuela/manual/s-verticalespeligro.html
Signals :
Ehere are two types of semaphores:
Traffic lights for pedestrians
Traffic lights for vehicles
Traffic lights for pedestrians:
Steady red light as a pedestrian motionless
Indicates that you should not start to cross the road.
Steady green light as a pedestrian walk :
Indicates that you can begin to cross the track.
Flashing green light as a pedestrian walking :
Indicates to pedestrians who were crossing the road and have enough time to finish it, but forced to remain on the sidewalk who had not yet begun to cross it.
circular traffic lights for vehicles :
Steady red light :
It requires vehicles to stop without exceeding the traffic lights.
Flashing red light or two red lights flashing alternately :
temporarily prohibiting the passage , these can be found at level crossing, movable bridge, pontoon trabordador , proximity of fire and airports.
steady yellow light :
Requires vehicles that approach the traffic lights to stop at the same conditions as the red light unless, because of its proximity or speed, when ignited, can not do so in safety .
Flashing yellow light or two yellow lights flashing alternately :
It does not prohibit the passage , but requires caution. This light does not exempt from obeying those signs that, in the area , force us to stop.
Light averde fixed :
Allows step unless the circumstances of the traffic at the intersection ( gridlock ) can be blocking it.
Traffic lights for vehicles with circular arrows
Black arrow on red or yellow :
Indicates the same as the color for which you are, but these guidelines will only affect those who continue in the direction of the arrow .
Green arrow on a black background :
Vehicles approaching this light may take the direction the green arrow points , whatever that is simultaneously light the next traffic light .
Any vehicle that is , the light green arrow in the lane that would be to use affected by this light, should continue in the direction shown by the arrow .
square rail traffic lights :
Red Light in X :
Prohibits take the lane on which is, for vehicles to be seen from the front.
Light green arrow-shaped vertical and descending
Allows movement on the rail on which is , vehicles that look ahead.
White or yellow light , fixed or intermittent, arrow-shaped oblique descending
We are forced to join the lane pointing in safety , as the rail on which is going to be closed in a short time .
Signals reserved for certain vehicles :
silhouette semaphore cycle:
Their lights affect only cycles and mopeds.
Traffic signal illuminated with white stripes on black background :
These lights only affect trams and buses
यस्को लागि आवस्यक फोटो समेत चाहिने भएमा यो लिन्क मा हेर्न सक्नु हुनेछ
http://miciudad.es/autoescuela/manual/s-semaforos.html
Traffic lights for pedestrians
Traffic lights for vehicles
Traffic lights for pedestrians:
Steady red light as a pedestrian motionless
Indicates that you should not start to cross the road.
Steady green light as a pedestrian walk :
Indicates that you can begin to cross the track.
Flashing green light as a pedestrian walking :
Indicates to pedestrians who were crossing the road and have enough time to finish it, but forced to remain on the sidewalk who had not yet begun to cross it.
circular traffic lights for vehicles :
Steady red light :
It requires vehicles to stop without exceeding the traffic lights.
Flashing red light or two red lights flashing alternately :
temporarily prohibiting the passage , these can be found at level crossing, movable bridge, pontoon trabordador , proximity of fire and airports.
steady yellow light :
Requires vehicles that approach the traffic lights to stop at the same conditions as the red light unless, because of its proximity or speed, when ignited, can not do so in safety .
Flashing yellow light or two yellow lights flashing alternately :
It does not prohibit the passage , but requires caution. This light does not exempt from obeying those signs that, in the area , force us to stop.
Light averde fixed :
Allows step unless the circumstances of the traffic at the intersection ( gridlock ) can be blocking it.
Traffic lights for vehicles with circular arrows
Black arrow on red or yellow :
Indicates the same as the color for which you are, but these guidelines will only affect those who continue in the direction of the arrow .
Green arrow on a black background :
Vehicles approaching this light may take the direction the green arrow points , whatever that is simultaneously light the next traffic light .
Any vehicle that is , the light green arrow in the lane that would be to use affected by this light, should continue in the direction shown by the arrow .
square rail traffic lights :
Red Light in X :
Prohibits take the lane on which is, for vehicles to be seen from the front.
Light green arrow-shaped vertical and descending
Allows movement on the rail on which is , vehicles that look ahead.
White or yellow light , fixed or intermittent, arrow-shaped oblique descending
We are forced to join the lane pointing in safety , as the rail on which is going to be closed in a short time .
Signals reserved for certain vehicles :
silhouette semaphore cycle:
Their lights affect only cycles and mopeds.
Traffic signal illuminated with white stripes on black background :
These lights only affect trams and buses
यस्को लागि आवस्यक फोटो समेत चाहिने भएमा यो लिन्क मा हेर्न सक्नु हुनेछ
http://miciudad.es/autoescuela/manual/s-semaforos.html
Circumstantial Signs :
SENAL circumstantial are those that we are " circumstantial ", ie , not permanently , on the road .
Barrier devices :
Tbarrier devices odes tell us ... The prohibition of passing the road that mark. The difference between them is that some define physical space ( physically blocking the passage ), such as barriers, semibarreras , etc. , and define a imaginary space, as a row of cones, yellow lights or flags.
Csignal sa circumstantial exceptional case , we red light, Indicating that the movement on the road where it is, is prohibited.
Devices guide:
Son permanent elements (we circumstantial ) , which aims to highlight, ma making visible, the layout of the track.
LI milestones left side of the track are color white and the right side may be white or yellow.
Lyou permanent panels curve we indicate the start of it and , depending on the number of overlapping panels bearing , level of hazard ...
* A panel: moderate hazard
* Two panels: Moderate threat
* Three panels : High Hazard
Barrier devices :
Tbarrier devices odes tell us ... The prohibition of passing the road that mark. The difference between them is that some define physical space ( physically blocking the passage ), such as barriers, semibarreras , etc. , and define a imaginary space, as a row of cones, yellow lights or flags.
Csignal sa circumstantial exceptional case , we red light, Indicating that the movement on the road where it is, is prohibited.
Devices guide:
Son permanent elements (we circumstantial ) , which aims to highlight, ma making visible, the layout of the track.
LI milestones left side of the track are color white and the right side may be white or yellow.
Lyou permanent panels curve we indicate the start of it and , depending on the number of overlapping panels bearing , level of hazard ...
* A panel: moderate hazard
* Two panels: Moderate threat
* Three panels : High Hazard
Signs of agents : यस मा हामीले फोटो प्रकाशित गरेका छैन
Travel Agents can perform two types of signals:
Opticians (Through arm gestures , flags , lights, etc.).
Acoustic (With whistle )
Optical signals :
Arm raised vertically:
Indicates all users who are near Agent ( from anywhere ), the obligation to stop.
Arm extended horizontally:
It tells users that they cut their path , the path marked by the arm of the Agent , the obligation to stop.
Arm's length and swinging:
It requires slow drivers to approach the agent on the side for that arm.
Arm's length and swinging a red light:
It requires users to stop the road to which the Agent directs the light.
NOTE: Agents may perform any other signal, by gestures , provided that these are clear and interpretable.
Acoustic signals :
LTravel Agents can perform two types signals with the whistle :
repetitive short blasts... pi, pi, pi. (Obligation to stop )
Tap length and spacing... piiii , piiii , piiii . ( obligation to resume the march)
Opticians (Through arm gestures , flags , lights, etc.).
Acoustic (With whistle )
Optical signals :
Arm raised vertically:
Indicates all users who are near Agent ( from anywhere ), the obligation to stop.
Arm extended horizontally:
It tells users that they cut their path , the path marked by the arm of the Agent , the obligation to stop.
Arm's length and swinging:
It requires slow drivers to approach the agent on the side for that arm.
Arm's length and swinging a red light:
It requires users to stop the road to which the Agent directs the light.
NOTE: Agents may perform any other signal, by gestures , provided that these are clear and interpretable.
Acoustic signals :
LTravel Agents can perform two types signals with the whistle :
repetitive short blasts... pi, pi, pi. (Obligation to stop )
Tap length and spacing... piiii , piiii , piiii . ( obligation to resume the march)
Transport
loading is prohibited , in vehicles, a number of people exceeding the authorized places or the weight of these plus the load , exceeding the maximum authorized mass .
Prioridad
When the path of a vehicle, pedestrian or animal is crossed with another user, it creates a conflict in passing that the rules and signs must be solved by setting the right one to pass before another .
Conflicts of way at intersections are generated and tight .
Intersections:
Signalized intersections : They obey the agent , light or signal that regulates such priority.
unmarked intersections : These intersections should be applied General Statement of Priority, Which states that ... have right of way the vehicle that has the free rightOr, what is the same, unmarked intersections , yield the pace at which we leave to our right .
Exceptions to the General Standard Priority : There are four cases where it does not apply N.G.P.( not a priority the one with the right free)
The vehicle running on a paved roadWill take precedence over another to do it for unpaved road .
It must give way to trams , regardless of the side on which we go ( I remind you that we are talking about intersections unmarked.)
The roundabouts have right of way the vehicle is within it, with respect to another , to his right, seeking the same ( we are talking about intersections unmarked.)
On motorways or dual carriageway has priority the vehicle used by it in relation to another intending to join it.
It is prohibited to enter an intersection or pedestrian crossing if , predictably , our vehicle can be stopped , blocking the spaces . ( bottling )
marked narrowing : Has priority, that the signal to give it ... whether the narrowing is in plain, steep slopes or steep rise .
Strictures :
marked narrowing : Has priority, that the signal to give it ... whether the narrowing is in plain, steep slopes or steep rise .
unmarked strictures : Four cases ...:
1 .- Have right of way , the vehicle first comes to narrowing ( regardless of length , width , MMA , etc.).
2 .- When two vehicles arrive at closer and there are doubts among them, which was the first to arrive , the regulatory prevalence box below :
Special-purpose vehicles over 3,500 kg. MMA .
Sets vehicle ( other than item 4 )
Animal-drawn vehicles .
Cars with light trailers .
Buses (empty or full) .
Trucks ( loaded or unloaded) .
Cars.
Special vehicles up to 3,500 kg. MMA .
Motorcycle with sidecar.
Motorcycles , mopeds and two-wheel bicycles.
3 .- If there are doubts among vehicles equal right of way will be to have to step back farther and , in case of equality , which has greater width , length, or MMA.
4 .- In those strictures that are in brackets steep (Minimum slope 7% ) will have right of way the vehicle ascends.
Level crossings :
Those arriving at a level crossing is closed or what the barrier or semibarrera moving must come one after another .
Tunnels:
stopping is prohibited in tunnels , parking , change the direction of travel and, when circulating roadway with one lane for our sense, too forward .
Pedestrians , cyclists and animals:
As a general rule, motor vehicle drivers will have priority over pedestrians , cyclists or animals, when their paths cross, except:
Pedestrians have priority:
At pedestrian crossings .
When a driver changes direction and pedestrian crossing is the way you access.
When a driver crosses a shoulder for pedestrians are passing .
When a driver approaches a vehicle of mass transportation of passengers at a stop sign posted , give way to pedestrians who go at it, from the nearest pedestrian or vice versa.
Drivers give way to the troops in training or school ranks organizing committee.
* It is very dangerous , when it will give way to pedestrians, signs them with his arm to pass , especially if these are children , trusting us, without thinking of the proximity of other drivers who might not have seen them .
Cyclists have priority:
When traveling on bicycle lane , bicycle way or roadside.
When a driver to change direction, they are found nearby.
When circulating in groups, the first rider has started into the intersection or a roundabout.
Animals have priority:
When a driver changes direction and find animals crossing the way you access.
When a driver passes through one shoulder by the animals are circulating .
When they cross the road properly marked by a ravine .
Vehicles priority :
* Vehicles are identified: The police , firefighters, civil protection and ambulances when they are making an express service .
* Vehicles priority when making an express service should notice him by optical ( rotating or flashing lights ) and audible (siren ). Exceptionally, be allowed to go without the sound (without the siren ) when this does not in any danger.
* Motorists priority, express services , are only obliged to respect the signals of agents, can exceed the speed limits, crossing intersections with red light, etc. ..
* All other users, when we note the presence of a vehicle priority , we are required to facilitate the circulation.
* When a particular driver is making an express service (not vehicle priority) , their presence should be advised by the emergency lights , short blasts on the horn , waving a piece of the window ... etc . , but must respect all the rules and traffic signals . In this case , all other users will facilitate the movement as if it were priority vehicles .
Conflicts of way at intersections are generated and tight .
Intersections:
Signalized intersections : They obey the agent , light or signal that regulates such priority.
unmarked intersections : These intersections should be applied General Statement of Priority, Which states that ... have right of way the vehicle that has the free rightOr, what is the same, unmarked intersections , yield the pace at which we leave to our right .
Exceptions to the General Standard Priority : There are four cases where it does not apply N.G.P.( not a priority the one with the right free)
The vehicle running on a paved roadWill take precedence over another to do it for unpaved road .
It must give way to trams , regardless of the side on which we go ( I remind you that we are talking about intersections unmarked.)
The roundabouts have right of way the vehicle is within it, with respect to another , to his right, seeking the same ( we are talking about intersections unmarked.)
On motorways or dual carriageway has priority the vehicle used by it in relation to another intending to join it.
It is prohibited to enter an intersection or pedestrian crossing if , predictably , our vehicle can be stopped , blocking the spaces . ( bottling )
marked narrowing : Has priority, that the signal to give it ... whether the narrowing is in plain, steep slopes or steep rise .
Strictures :
marked narrowing : Has priority, that the signal to give it ... whether the narrowing is in plain, steep slopes or steep rise .
unmarked strictures : Four cases ...:
1 .- Have right of way , the vehicle first comes to narrowing ( regardless of length , width , MMA , etc.).
2 .- When two vehicles arrive at closer and there are doubts among them, which was the first to arrive , the regulatory prevalence box below :
Special-purpose vehicles over 3,500 kg. MMA .
Sets vehicle ( other than item 4 )
Animal-drawn vehicles .
Cars with light trailers .
Buses (empty or full) .
Trucks ( loaded or unloaded) .
Cars.
Special vehicles up to 3,500 kg. MMA .
Motorcycle with sidecar.
Motorcycles , mopeds and two-wheel bicycles.
3 .- If there are doubts among vehicles equal right of way will be to have to step back farther and , in case of equality , which has greater width , length, or MMA.
4 .- In those strictures that are in brackets steep (Minimum slope 7% ) will have right of way the vehicle ascends.
Level crossings :
Those arriving at a level crossing is closed or what the barrier or semibarrera moving must come one after another .
Tunnels:
stopping is prohibited in tunnels , parking , change the direction of travel and, when circulating roadway with one lane for our sense, too forward .
Pedestrians , cyclists and animals:
As a general rule, motor vehicle drivers will have priority over pedestrians , cyclists or animals, when their paths cross, except:
Pedestrians have priority:
At pedestrian crossings .
When a driver changes direction and pedestrian crossing is the way you access.
When a driver crosses a shoulder for pedestrians are passing .
When a driver approaches a vehicle of mass transportation of passengers at a stop sign posted , give way to pedestrians who go at it, from the nearest pedestrian or vice versa.
Drivers give way to the troops in training or school ranks organizing committee.
* It is very dangerous , when it will give way to pedestrians, signs them with his arm to pass , especially if these are children , trusting us, without thinking of the proximity of other drivers who might not have seen them .
Cyclists have priority:
When traveling on bicycle lane , bicycle way or roadside.
When a driver to change direction, they are found nearby.
When circulating in groups, the first rider has started into the intersection or a roundabout.
Animals have priority:
When a driver changes direction and find animals crossing the way you access.
When a driver passes through one shoulder by the animals are circulating .
When they cross the road properly marked by a ravine .
Vehicles priority :
* Vehicles are identified: The police , firefighters, civil protection and ambulances when they are making an express service .
* Vehicles priority when making an express service should notice him by optical ( rotating or flashing lights ) and audible (siren ). Exceptionally, be allowed to go without the sound (without the siren ) when this does not in any danger.
* Motorists priority, express services , are only obliged to respect the signals of agents, can exceed the speed limits, crossing intersections with red light, etc. ..
* All other users, when we note the presence of a vehicle priority , we are required to facilitate the circulation.
* When a particular driver is making an express service (not vehicle priority) , their presence should be advised by the emergency lights , short blasts on the horn , waving a piece of the window ... etc . , but must respect all the rules and traffic signals . In this case , all other users will facilitate the movement as if it were priority vehicles .
Maneuvers
Definition: Are maneuvers , changes that we made with our vehicle, within the circulation by altering normal traffic circumstances (representing a risk) .
Speed
* Speed is the relationship between the distance traveled by a vehicle and the time it takes to travel that distance.
* To measure the speed using a speedometer... do not confuse with odometer ! .
There are two speed limitations , always, we respect:
Speed GENERIC : The maximum speed that we must achieve a given vehicle a particular route. ( tourism highway at 120 km / h.)
Speed SPECIFIC Are these speed limits by signs , the authorities do not allow us to exceed , in certain sections of the track ( corners , changes in elevation , proximity to intersections ... etc. )
Other concepts of "speed"
Speeding: It is circular velocity exceeding generic or specific road . The sanctions of "radar" , the Agent will "Concept of the penalty " by ... SPEED EXECESO .
* To measure the speed using a speedometer... do not confuse with odometer ! .
There are two speed limitations , always, we respect:
Speed GENERIC : The maximum speed that we must achieve a given vehicle a particular route. ( tourism highway at 120 km / h.)
Speed SPECIFIC Are these speed limits by signs , the authorities do not allow us to exceed , in certain sections of the track ( corners , changes in elevation , proximity to intersections ... etc. )
Other concepts of "speed"
Speeding: It is circular velocity exceeding generic or specific road . The sanctions of "radar" , the Agent will "Concept of the penalty " by ... SPEED EXECESO .
Wednesday, September 8, 2010
Definitions
This topic is most important, for the exam , the three elements involved in the movement :
The man, the vehicle and the track .
The man, the vehicle and the track .
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